液体地膜覆盖棉花高产机理研究  

Study on High-Yielding Mechanism of Liquid Film Mulching on Cotton

作　　者：杨青华[1] 韩锦峰[1] 贺德先[1] 刘华山[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第8期2520-2527,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(991030304)

摘　　要：【目的】针对塑料地膜"白色污染"日益严重的现实,探讨液体地膜取代塑料地膜覆盖棉田的理论依据。【方法】试验采取液体地膜75.0kg·ha-1(T1)、112.5kg·ha-1(T2)、150.0kg·ha-1(T3)、187.5kg·ha-1(T4),塑料地膜(PF)及不覆盖(CK)3种覆盖方式,测定对土壤物理性状、棉花生理特性与产量及其构成因素的效应,并进行比较分析。【结果】液体地膜覆盖对土壤物理性状和棉花产量影响明显。与露地对照相比,覆盖棉花产量差异达到极显著水平。其中,塑料地膜覆盖棉花产量最高,增产率为34.0%;液体地膜处理(112.5kg·ha-1)次之,增产率为21.7%。液体地膜覆盖提高土壤温度和含水量,降低土壤容重;增强根系活力;改善叶片光化学特性;提高棉铃蔗糖转化酶活性;成铃时空分布合理,优质铃数增加,铃重提高。【结论】在棉花生产中,采用液体地膜覆盖栽培是一项可行的技术。[Objective] Long-term application of plastic film has resulted in a serious problem, White Pollution, in cotton production. In this study, the effects of liquid film mulching on soil physical characters and cotton yield components were studied with two objectives： （1） to investigate the high-yield mechanism of liquid film mulched cotton; and （2） to provide a theoretical basis for application of liquid film in cotton production practice. [Method] The treatments included： T1-75.0kg·ha^-1, T2-112.5kg·ha^-1, T3-150.0kg·ha^-1, T4-187.5kg·ha^-1 liquid film, plastic film and CK （open field with no liquid film used）. Soil physical characters, physiological activity of cotton plants and cotton yield components were investigated. Effects of different treatments were comparativly analyzed. [Result] The experimental results showed that the effects of the plastic film on yield and its components were the highest, and T2, 112.5kg·ha^-1 liquid film was the second among all the treatments. The rate of increase in yield was 34.0% and 21.7%, respectively. Reasons for the high yield were that liquid-film mulching increased soil temperature and moisture, decreased soil bulk weight, enhanced root vigor and activity of sucrose invertase in cotton bolls, and improved leaf photochemical capacity. Furthermore, a more reasonable temporal and spatial boll setting, more high-quality bolls, and higher boll weight were observed. In addition, liquid-film also had the following advantages： easy to use, low cost, biologically degradable, and no environmental pollution. [Conclusion] Based upon the above analyses, the authors conclude that application of liquid film can be a feasible technique in cotton production practice.

关 键 词：棉花 液体地膜 塑料地膜 覆盖 高产 机理 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]