自适应噪声抵消技术在地震资料处理中的应用  

Application of Self-adaptive Noise-cancellation Technique in Seismic Data Processing

作　　者：魏巍[1] 刘学伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]地下信息探测技术与仪器教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学),北京100083

出　　处：《石油天然气学报》2008年第4期79-83,共5页Journal of Oil and Gas Technology

基　　金：国土资源部全国危机矿山接替资源找矿项目(200699064)

摘　　要：在矿区、厂区等特殊环境进行地震数据采集时,经常会受到机械设备的强噪声干扰及工频干扰。常规消除工频干扰的滤波方法会伤害有效信息,并且对频带较宽的机器噪声亦不适用。通过对地震数据信噪模型分析,重点研究利用自适应噪声抵消技术来消除工频干扰、机器噪声。针对常规技术存在的不足,提出了一种改进的算法,仿真试验和实际资料的处理结果表明改进算法可以有效抵消地震记录中的工频干扰和机器噪声,大大提高地震资料的信噪比,并且有效地震信号失真小,结果令人满意。The noise generated by machines and power interfered in collecting seismic signals in some special fields such as factories usually contaminated the seismic data. The conventional filtering method would damage the seismic signal and prove inadequately in removing the strong noise with broad frequency band from the seismic signal. An self-adaptive noise-cancellation technique was studied to remove the machine noise and the power interference after analyzing the relation and differences between the machine noise and the seismic data. A new algorithm was presented to remove the strong background noise aiming at the shortcomings of the conventional NLMS-based technique. The results of simulation and the collected seismic data processing show that adaptive noise cancellation technique has good effect on reducing the strong machine noise and the power interference with little distortion of seismic signal.

关 键 词：自适应噪声抵消 地震资料处理 地震数据采集 信噪比 归一化最小均方误差法(NLMS) 机器噪声 工频干扰 

分 类 号：P631.44[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]