原油乳状液破乳机理及影响因素研究  

Demulsification Mechanism of Crude Oil Emulsion and Its Influencial Factors

作　　者：肖中华[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学管理学院

出　　处：《石油天然气学报》2008年第4期165-168,共4页Journal of Oil and Gas Technology

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2003AA602140-2)

摘　　要：由于原油乳状液的形成及稳定性的因素复杂,以及影响原油乳状液破乳的因素众多,因而研究原油乳状液的破乳机理各异,主要有顶替或置换、反相作用、絮凝-聚结、膜排液、膜击破、润湿增溶、反离子作用、褶皱变形机理。又由于原油乳状液的稳定与破乳是一对矛盾,影响乳状液稳定的因素也会影响乳状液的破乳;但从影响破乳剂对原油乳状液破乳的因素来看,主要有原油乳状液的性质、原油破乳剂的性质和外界脱水条件。研究原油乳状液的破乳机理及影响因素,目的是为不同的原油乳状液的破乳方法提供参考依据。Because the formation and its steability of crude oil emulsion were complex with various influencial factors to the emulsion, the studies of the demulsification were differenT, which included displacement, inversion, flocculation-accumulation, diaphragm fluid discharging, diaphragm breaking, wettability and solution increase, anti-ionic action, fold and deformation mechanism. Because the stability and demulsification of the emulsion were contradictory, the demulsification would be influenced by its influencial factors to steability. Seeing from the factors to its demulsification, it mainly includes emulsion property, demulsification property and its dewater condition. The purposes of studying the demulsification and influencial factors are to provide bases for different demulsification methods.

关 键 词：水包油乳状液 油包水乳状液 破乳 机理 破乳剂 原油脱水 影响因素 

分 类 号：TE39[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]