青海都兰县察汗乌苏绿洲景观格局特征分析  

Characteristics of Landscape Patterns in Tsagan Us Oasis in Dulan County of Qinghai Province

作　　者：刘小丹[1] 张克斌[1] 李瑞[1] 沈彦[1] 边振[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2008年第4期130-133,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目:青海高寒沙地退化植被恢复技术研究与试验示范(都兰)(2006BAD26B1001)

摘　　要：借助遥感(RS)及地理信息系统(GIS)等手段,运用景观生态学原理,同时结合外业调查结果,对青海都兰县察汗乌苏绿洲进行景观格局分析。结果表明:察汗乌苏绿洲景观多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为1.248和0.775 4,均处于中等水平。研究区景观优势度不高,但耕地、荒草地、河床及水利设施用地占有较高的景观比例,尤其耕地,不但景观比例大而且随着城镇化的发展,外来人口的不断涌入还有增长趋势;研究区景观分离度最大的是林地,最小的是耕地,表明耕地分散程度最小,林地分散程度最大。区域景观破碎度最大的是林地,最小的是荒草地和河床与水利设施用地,说明林地被分割程度最大,荒草地和河床与水利设施用地最小。分维数指数最大的是河床与水利设施用地,最小的是耕地,即河床与水利设施用地形状最不规则,受人为干扰最小,相对耕地形状最为规则,受人为干扰最大。The characteristics of landscape patterns in Tsagan Us oasis in Dulan county are analyzed by means of remote sensing（RS）,geographical information system（GIS） and theories of landscape ecology etc.The results show that the indexes of diversity and evenness are 1.248 and 0.775 4,both locate in the middle position.The dominance index in research area is not very high,but the farmland,waste-grassland and riverbed and water conservancy facilities land still take high landscape proportion,especially the farmland not only great landscape proportion but also with the development of urbanization,the emigration coming into the oasis,it appearing increased trend,the biggest landscape separation index in the research area is the forest land and the smallest is farmland,which shows that the scattered degree of farmland is the least and the land use of farmland is the biggest.The biggest regional landscape fragmentation is forest land,the smallest are waste-grassland and riverbed and water conservancy facilities land,which shows that the dividing degree of forest land is the biggest and the land use of waste-grassland and riverbed and water conservancy facilities land are the least.The biggest index of fractal dimensions is riverbed and water conservancy facilities land,the least is farmland.It means that the shape of riverbed and water conservancy facilities land is irregular,the human disturbance is the least,otherwise the shape of farm land is regular and human disturbance is the biggest.

关 键 词：察汗乌苏 绿洲 景观格局 指数 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]