乌鲁木齐近31年大雾天气气候特征分析  

A Study of the Climatic Characteristics of Heavy Fog In Urumqi in Recent 31 Years

作　　者：郑玉萍[1] 李景林[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆乌鲁木齐市气象局,830002

出　　处：《气象》2008年第8期22-28,共7页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：新疆气象局科研项目(200309)资助

摘　　要：统计分析了1976—2006年乌鲁木齐大雾天气的气候特征,乌鲁木齐大雾多出现在夜间,持续时间以3小时之内为多。31年来年平均大雾日为29.5天,一年中大雾主要出现在冬季11月至次年3月;冬季大雾的持续时间最长。31年来大雾日随着年代的推移总体呈逐渐减少的趋势,平均以1.9天/10年的速度减少,1990年代大雾日明显偏少,进入21世纪后大雾日又迅速增多。当气温为0^-10℃、相对湿度85%~95%、风速0~3m.s-1、气压910~925hPa时,出现大雾的频率最高;冬季大雾天气出现在逆温层底部距地高度低、逆温层厚度大、强度强的低空温度层结条件中。The climatic characteristics of heavy fog in Urumqi in 1976- 2006 were analyzed sta- tistically. The results showed some features about heavy fog in Urumqi as follows： it mostly appeared in nighttime, the duration of most fog was within 3 hours. Over the past 31 years average fog days every year were 29.5d; it appeared from November in winter to March next year; the duration of heavy fog in winter was the longest. The fog days was decreasing gradually with the trend of collectivity in the past 31 years, its average decreasing rate was 1.9d/10a. The fog days decreased obviously in 1990＇ s, but increased rapidly in twenty-first century. Fog occurred with the highest frequency when temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and air pressure were in 0 - 10℃, 85 % - 95 %, 0 - 3m·s^-1 and 910 ~ 925hPa, respectively. The heavy fog in winter happened in the following conditions of atmospheric stratification, such as lower, thicker and stronger inversion layer.

关 键 词：大雾 气候特征 逆温层 

分 类 号：P468.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] V321.2[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]