中国西门塔尔牛次级性状与生产性状的遗传统计分析  

Genetic and Statistical Analysis between Production Traits and Secondary Traits in Chinese Simmental

作　　者：范大有[1] 许尚忠[2] 李俊雅[2] 任红艳[2] 杨雪丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]黔南民族职业技术学院生物工程系,都匀558022 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2008年第8期1025-1032,共8页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD01A10)

摘　　要：利用6个种畜场1980—2000年间1 634头母牛的繁殖性状和生产性状记录,以及现场测定的泌乳速度和乳成分含量等资料,对中国西门塔尔母牛的4类次级性状:繁殖性状(产犊间隔、空怀天数、妊娠期)、体型性状(整体评分、后肢、乳房体型性状:前乳房附着、后乳房宽度、后乳房高度、乳头位置、乳房均衡、乳房静脉)、生产效率性状(泌乳速度、使用年限)、健康性状(体细胞数评分)和生产性状(产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率)共19个性状进行了遗传统计分析。应用动物模型并借助MT-DFREML方法估计了上述19个性状的遗传参数,得到它们的遗传力分别为:0.08、0.07、0.08、0.16、0.15、0.41、0.11、0.07、0.10、0.23、0.18、0.42、0.13、0.25、0.35、0.32、0.23、0.20和0.21。泌乳速度与生产性状为负的遗传相关(-0.22^-0.10),与使用年限和整体评分有着较高的遗传相关,分别为0.87和0.61;体细胞数与生产性状以及使用年限存在着不利相关;使用年限与泌乳速度、整体评分、产奶量为正遗传相关(0.61、0.14、0.42),与体细胞数存在有利相关(遗传相关为-0.23)。乳房性状与生产性状、次级性状都有着较密切的关系,其中以前乳房附着、后乳房宽度、乳头位置和乳房静脉与这两种性状的关系最为密切,其遗传相关为-0.36~1.00,表明对乳房性状进行选择能够使生产性状与次级性状得到改良。环境对次级性状的影响较大,不同饲养管理制度和泌乳阶段是影响泌乳速度、使用年限和体细胞数的主要环境因素。Heritability and genetic correlations between 19 traits were estimated from data obtained from 6 Chinese Simmental farms using an animal model and MT-DFREML. Data relating to secondary traits and production traits in 1 634 Chinese Simmental cows were collected from 1980--2000. The traits analyzed were calving interval, open days, gestation length, milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, somatic cell score, milking speed, herd life, and linear type score （which included type score, rear leg view, fore udder attachment, rear udder width, rear udder height, teat placement, udder conformation, and udder vein）. Estimated heritability of each trait were 0.08, 0.07, 0.08, 0.16, 0.15, 0.41, 0.11, 0.07, 0.10, 0.23, 0.18, 0.42, 0.13, 0.25, 0.35, 0.32, 0.23, 0.20 and 0.21, respectively. Genetic correlation between milking speed and production traits were negative, ranging from -0.22 to -0.10. Genetic correlation between herd life and type score was 0.87 and herd life and milking speed was 0. 61. Genetic correlations between production traits and herd life and production traits and so- matic cell score were unfavorable. Genetic correlations between herd life and milking speed, herd life and type score, herd life and milk yield, and herd life and somatic cell scores were 0. 61,0.14, 0.42 and -0. 23, respectively. Udder traits were highly correlated with production traits and scondary traits. Where the highly correlated traits were fore udder attachment, rear udder width, teat displacement and udder vein, the genetic correlations ranged from -0. 36 to 1.00. indicating that the production traits and secondary traits will be improved by selecting udder traits. Environment has a great effect on secondary traits, the management and milking stage were the main factors to influence milking speed, herd life and somatic cell count.

关 键 词：中国西门塔尔牛 次级性状 生产性状 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]