中药濒危物种资源可持续利用对策初论  

On the Sustainable Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources

作　　者：孟智斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会,北京100101

出　　处：《科技导报》2008年第14期40-47,共8页Science & Technology Review

摘　　要：中医药现在仍然是中国民众不可缺少的医疗保健手段。随着经济的发展,人民生活水平和要求迅速提高,对中药材的需求也日益增加。药用动植物濒危的原因是多方面的,如物种栖息地的丧失和破坏等,同时也不能否认,在已经遭受其他环境和人类巨大压力的情况下,不合理的利用将使物种受到的生存威胁更趋严重。总体上,目前在中药材动植物中属于"濒危物种"(根据现有的名录)的比例并不高(<5%),但在某些类群中,如高等动物中比例甚高(>20%)。依据对112种常用中药材物种资源变化趋势的初步统计,已濒危的比例为22%,而趋于濒危的比例高达51%。为尽量避免更多的中药材物种陷入濒危,建议:建立中药材资源持续利用开发评价体系;严格控制人工种养实验研究的规模、范围和技术方法;加强中药材资源持续利用政策和技术的研究;严格限制中药材市场的自由经营品种;加强对外宣传的科学性。Today, the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） still holds an essential position in medical treatments and other healthy problems in China. With the improvement of living standards, people places more requirements for TCM. Habitat losing is a main factor in threatening TCM species, and the unsustainable use is another factor. Although the endangered proportion of TCM wildlife species is less than 5%, it is more than 20% in mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. According to a review on the trends of 112 commonly used TCM species, 22% of them has been endangered and 51% is declining rapidly （vulnerable）. To prevent such situation to continue, it is suggested that （1） to establish a system to evaluate TCM sustainability, （2） to control unreasonable farming, （3） to promote researches on policies and techniques for sustainable use, （4） to have effective management of TCM trading, and （5） to improve the advertisement of TCM products.

关 键 词：濒危物种 中药材 可持续利用 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]