根田鼠幼体食物选择的社群学习  

Social learning of food preferences of conspecifics in root voles

作　　者：李俊年[1] 刘季科[2] 陶双伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,吉首416000 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310012

出　　处：《兽类学报》2008年第3期260-265,共6页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30570285);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(05JJ40033);湖南省教育厅重点资助项目(03A037)

摘　　要：社群学习为动物的一种可塑性表型行为,能使动物获得适应于栖息地的行为模式。本文在实验室条件下,通过自助餐式食物选择实验,测定栖息于青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统的根田鼠断乳幼体间食物选择的社群学习模式。结果表明,同伴对其学习个体的食物选择具有显著的作用(P<0.001)。学习个体对同伴已觅食食物的摄入量占其总摄入量的71%以上。在多同伴及单同伴与学习个体相互作用4h后,同伴对学习个体的食物选择的学习具有显著的作用(P<0.01),而在24h后,同伴对学习个体食物选择的作用则消失。多同伴与单同伴对学习个体的食物选择作用的差异不显著(P>0.05)。熟悉同伴对学习个体的食物选择具有显著的效应(P<0.01),而陌生同伴对学习个体的食物选择则无显著作用(P>0.05)。Social learning is a plastic phenotypic behavior that enables animals to acquire the behavioral modes to adapt to their inhabited environment. Experiment were performed using root voles （Microtus oeconomus） to investigate the effect of multi- and single-conspecifics, and familiar and new conspecifics on the food selection of weaned voles using a cafeteria type preference trial in the laboratory. Experimental voles were caught at the Haibei Alpine Ecological System Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences in May 2001. Experimental diets were prepared by adding cocoa powder or cinnamon powder at 1% of total dry matter of the basal diet. The results showed that conspecifics significantly affected the food preference by learning in voles, and the proportion of ingested food items that conspecifics had was up to 71% in weaned voles. The conspecifics had highly significant effects on food selection by learning in voles over 4 h with the interaction between multiple and single conspecifics and learning voles （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 24 h later the effects disappeared （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. No significant difference existed between effects of multiple and single conspecifics on food selection in weaned root voles （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Familiar conspecifics had significant effects on food selection of learning voles, but there was no significant effect of new conspecifics on food preference in learning voles.

关 键 词：社群学习 食物选择 断乳幼体 同伴 根田鼠 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]