新疆北部鹅喉羚的食性分析  

Food habits of goitered gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa sairensis) in northern Xinjiang

作　　者：徐文轩[1] 乔建芳[1] 刘伟[1] 杨维康[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

出　　处：《兽类学报》2008年第3期280-286,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-343)

摘　　要：2006年10月至2007年8月,作者采用粪便显微分析法研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区鹅喉羚的四季食性以及冬季绵羊的食性。结果发现：鹅喉羚共采食16科47种植物;不同季节间鹅喉羚食性有明显变化,秋季采食7科24种植物,冬季采食6科17种植物,春季采食16科41种植物,夏季采食12科30种植物;藜科、禾本科植物是鹅喉羚全年的主要食物来源,占鹅喉羚总采食量的38.8~85.1%,非禾本科草本植物也在鹅喉羚食物组成中占有重要地位;春季短命和类短命植物对鹅喉羚有重要意义,占春季采食量的27%。针茅在四季都是鹅喉羚采食的主要植物;春季和夏季鹅喉羚采食较多的驼绒藜,秋季和冬季梭梭被较多采食。由于干旱胁迫,春季、夏季和秋季鹅喉羚喜食含水量较高的多根葱、骆驼蹄瓣、粗枝猪毛菜等非禾本科草本植物。冬季鹅喉羚与绵羊间的生态位宽度相近,食物重叠指数高达76.6%,绵羊与鹅喉羚之间食物竞争明显。We quantified food habits of goitered gazelle（Gazella subgutturosa sairensis ） and domestic sheep at Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve in northern Xinjiang, October 2006 -August 2007, using faecal microscopic methods. We identified 47 plant species in goitered gazelle fecal samples, representing 16 families. Diets varied seasonally： in autumn, we documented 24 plant species from 7 families consumed by gazelles; in winter, gazelles consumed 17 plant species from 6 families; 41plant species from 16 families used by gazelle in spring; and 30 plant species from 12 families used by gazelles in summer. Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae were major foods of goitered gazelles, comprising 38.8 - 85.1% , and the forbs were often grazed by the gazelle ; spring ephemeral plants and ephemeroid plants were very important to the gazelle, compri- sing 27% of its spring food components. Over all seasons, Stipa glareosa was a major food of gazelles, Ceratoides latens was mainly used in spring and summer, whereas in autumn and winter, gazelles consumed a large amount of Haloxylon ammodendron. Because of the hot and dry climate, forbs with higher water content, such as Allium polyrhizum, Zygophyllum rosovii, Salsola suberassa were favored by gazelles. In winter, domestic sheep had similar food niche breadth with goitered gazelle, and food overlap index was 77%.

关 键 词：鹅喉羚 粪便显微分析 食性 食物重叠 种间竞争 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]