成年牦牛心室壁微血管的形态特征  

Morphological characteristics of the ventricular microvasculature in adult yak

作　　者：崔燕[1] 贺延玉[1] 王剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物医学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《兽类学报》2008年第3期300-304,共5页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30571342)

摘　　要：用ABS血管铸型、扫描电镜观察法和血管炭素墨水灌注、组织切片法研究了成年牦牛心脏微血管的构筑特征,首次对各级微血管的管径和毛细血管的密度进行了测量,并对成年牦牛心室壁的微血管进行了分类。结果显示：成年牦牛心脏微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管的管径平均值分别为为78.50±10.23μm,16.24±2.27μm,6.57±2.28μm。其管径范围分别为12.5-100μm,12.50~19.99μm,6.25-12.50μm。成年牦牛心脏微动脉一般经3-4级分支才发出毛细血管,其第一、第二、第三和第四级分支的管径平均值分别为87.64±4.87μm,69.46±6.67μm,48.52±5.77μm,30.45±5.44μm。其范围分别为79.55-95μm,59.31~79.55μm,37.50~59.31μm,19.99~37.50μm。成年牦牛心肌层毛细血管的密度为2528±263根/mm^2,靠近心外膜处毛细血管的密度为1864±179根/mm^2,心内膜毛细血管的密度为1636±235根/mm^2。成年牦牛心脏微动脉铸型表面呈典型的＂树皮样＂结构,偶尔可见卵圆形的内皮细胞核压痕。成年牦牛心脏毛细血管前微动脉铸型形态呈锥状,铸型表面有环行缩窄。成年牦牛心脏的毛细血管铸型表面光滑,有环形缩窄,无内皮细胞核压痕。成年牦牛心肌层中毛细血管与心肌纤维平行,并形成＂H＂形或＂Y＂形的广泛吻合,而在靠近心内膜处毛细血管形态较为扭曲,毛细血管多形成平面或立体的吻合。成年牦牛心脏微静脉管径多在300μm以下,管腔扁且不规则,微静脉铸型呈＂树根＂样结构。Heart samples from 10 adult yaks were selected to examine their ventricular microvasculature using the methods of ABS vascular proplasm, vascular charcoal-ink peffusion, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that average diameters of the cordis arterioles, cordis precapillary arterioles and cordis capillaries in adult yak were 78.50 ± 10. 23 （ 12.5 - 100） μm, 16. 24 ±2. 27 （ 12. 50 - 19. 99） μm and 6. 57 ±2.28 （6.25 - 12.50）μ m, respectively. The arterioles always gave rise to capillaries alter 3 to 4 times of subdivision. The average diameters of the first to fourth embranchment were 87. 64 ± 4. 87 （79.55-95） μm, 69. 46±6.67 （59.31-79,55） μm, 48.52±5.77 （37.50-59.31） μm and 30. 45 ±5.44 （ 19. 99 - 37. 50） μm, respectively. The density of capillary was 2 528 ±263/mm^2 in the area of myocardium, 1 864 ± 179/mm^2 in epicardium and 1 636 ± 235/mm^2 in endoeardium, respectively. It was found that the arterioles of adult hearts were characterized by the bark-like structure, with occasional impressions of endothelial cell nuclei. The proplasm of precapillary arteriole showed a distinctive cone-shaped appearance, with the ringed constrictions in their surface. The proplasm of capillaries was smooth in their outer surface, often occupied with ringed constrictions, but no impressions of endothelial cell nuclei were found. The types of capillary anastomosis of ＂H＂ and/or ＂Y＂ were existed extensively in the myocardium, while plane and/or solid anastomosis were often found around endocardium. The diameters of cordis venules were less than 300 μm, often with a flat and irregular lumen, The proplasm of cordis venules was characterized by ＂root-like＂ pattern.

关 键 词：牦牛 微动脉 毛细血管前微动脉 毛细血管 微静脉 

分 类 号：Q954.56[生物学—动物学]