延河流域径流和输沙周期变化特征的小波分析  

Periodic variation of the streamflow and sediment transport in Yan River using wavelet analysis test

作　　者：于浩[1] 张晓萍[2] 李锐[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2008年第4期18-22,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划专题"区域水土流失过程与趋势分析"(2007CB407203);中国科学院西部之光项目"黄土高原河龙区间土地利用/覆被变化水沙效应研究"(B183)

摘　　要：用延河流域甘谷驿站1953—2000年实测月径流深和输沙模数数据和1957—2000年月均面降雨数据,采用小波多尺度方法,分析延河流域主要水文要素的周期及其变化特征。结果表明:延河流域降雨、径流和输沙存在着显著的周期,且其大小非常接近,为3.0、6.5、13.0和23.0 a。降雨、径流和输沙主周期分别是3.0、23.0和23.0 a。延河流域20世纪70年代后降雨量年际分配趋于均匀。3 a对应的小尺度上,70—80年代初3个水文序列对应曲线出现紊乱现象,与该时期大规模水利水土保持措施的修建有关。80年代后,由于水利水土保持措施减水减沙效益的削弱,3条曲线重新趋于一致。13 a对应的中尺度和23 a对应的大尺度上,均出现径流和输沙曲线不同步,或者滞后于降雨曲线现象。降水是径流和输沙周期性变化的主要外动力因子,人类活动导致的流域下垫面变化则是不可忽视的另一重要原因。The periodic variation River were studied using wavelet and its changing features of the analysis test. The monthly data of streamflow and sediment transport in Yan streamflow, sediment transport from 1953 to 2000 and monthly precipitation from 1957 to 2000 were employed for Ganguyi hydrological gauging station. The results showed that precipitation, streamflow, and sediment transport had significant periodicity and their sizes were approximate. They were 3,6.5,13, and 23 years. The main period for precipitation was 3 years due to the most significant variation coefficient. For both streamflow and sediment transport, it was 23 years. On the micro scale corresponding became uniform over the time. to the period of 3 years, the annual The three curves of the precipitation, distribution of precipitation after 1970＇ s streamflow and sediment transport became turbulent from 1970＇ s to the beginning of the 1980＇ s probably due to the soil and water conservation measures increased dramatically in this period. The three curves returned consistent probably due to the damage and weakening of the conservation measures after 1980＇ s. For both the middle scale with 13 years and the macro scale with 23 years, the curves of streamflow and sediment transport turned out to be out phase, or lagged the precipitation curve in some periods. Their periodicity showed that precipitation was the main outer deriving factor for Yan River producing streamflow and sediment, however the human activities were the another important factor to influence their period changing.

关 键 词：小波变换 周期变化特征 降雨量 径流深 输沙模数 延河 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TV141.3[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]