六盘山分水岭沟土壤水文物理性质空间变异  

Spatial variation of soil hydrologic-physical properties within the small watershed of Fenshuilinggou in Liupan Mountains,Northwest China

作　　者：王轶浩[1] 王彦辉[2] 谢双喜[3] 莫菲[2] 于澎涛[2] 熊伟[2] 时忠杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市林业科学研究院森林生态研究所,重庆400036 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [3]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2008年第4期33-40,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：科技部“十一五”科技支撑计划项目课题“六盘山重要水源区水源涵养林构建技术试验示范”(2006BAD03A1803);国家林业局引进国际先进技术项目“林业生态环境建设决策支持系统的引进”(2003-4-43);科技部社会公益研究专项“植被建设与水资源相互关系调控决策支持系统”(2004DIB3J102);国家重点基础研究项目课题“森林植被对坡面水文过程与水量转化的调节机理”(2002CB111501);国家自然科学基金项目“干旱缺水地区水分驱动的植被动态与生态水文过程研究”(40671038);国家自然科学基金项目“六盘山华北落叶松人工林水分利用特征及其对土壤水分环境的影响机制”(30671677)

摘　　要：对六盘山分水岭沟小流域内118个样地的土壤物理性质进行统计分析，结果表明：1）随土层加深，土壤密度和石砾体积含量递增，而饱和持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度呈递减趋势；2）不同森林植被类型下土壤物理性质差异较大，7种森林植被类型（华山松、华北落叶松、白桦、辽东栎、华山松＋红桦、椴木＋辽东栎和杂灌丛）中，0-20cm和0-60cm土层土壤密度均以华山松＋红桦针阔混交林的最小，杂灌丛最大，针叶纯林和阔叶纯林介于其间；与此对应，0-60cm土层的土壤持水能力以针阔混交林的最大，杂灌丛最小，针叶纯林和阔叶纯林居中；3）土壤物理性质存在坡向差异，0-60cm土层的各项土壤物理性质基本上以北坡最好，南坡最差，西坡和东坡居中且差别不大；4）坡位对土壤物理性质也有影响，0—20cm土层的土壤密度以坡顶和坡脚最大，为0．93g/cm^3，整体来看坡面上各项土壤物理性质优于坡脚和坡顶；5）诸多土壤物理性质与地形因子（相对高程、坡向、坡位和坡度）存在显著相关性，并建立了它们之间的线性回归方程。The spatial variation of soil physical properties within a small watershed is influenced by the environmental factors such as landform and vegetation, especially strongly influenced by the landform. The data analysis of soil physical properties collected from 118 sample sites in the small watershed of Fenshuilinggou in the Liupan Mountains of northwest China shows： 1 ） The soil bulk density and volumetric content of rock fragment increase with soil depth, while the saturation water content, capillary water content, total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity decrease with soil depth; 2） There is a big difference of soil physical properties among vegetation types. Within the 7 types of forest vegetation investigated （forest of Pinus armandii, forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii, forest of Betula platyphlla, forest of Quercus liaotungensi, mixed forest of Pinus armandii and Betula albo-sinensis, mixed forest of Tilia paucicostata and Quercus liaotungensis, mixed bushes）, the soil bulk density in layer 0 - 20 cm and 0 - 60 cm is lowest for the conifer-broadleaf mixed forest of Pinus armandii and Betula albo-sinensis, highest for the mixed bushes, and in the middle for the pure conifer forests and broadleaf forests. Correspondingly, the soil water carrying capacity of soil layer 0 - 60 cm is largest in the conifer-broadleaf mixed forest, lowest in the bushes, and in the middle for those pure conifer or broadleaf forests. 3） There is a difference of soil physical properties among slope aspects. All the soil physical properties investigated for the layer of 0 - 60 cm are basically better in north slope, bad in south slope, and in the middle for the west and east slopes. 4） The slope position also has an effect on soil physical properties, taking the soil bulk density of soil layer of 0 - 20 cm as an example, it is highest at slope top and slope foot with the same value of 0.93 g/cm^3. In general, the soil physical properties on the slope are better than those at the slope top and slope

关 键 词：小流域 土壤物理性质 空间变异 地形因子 六盘山 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学] S714