杉木人工林水文学过程对林分生产力的影响  

Effect of hydrological process on the productivity of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook.plantation

作　　者：康文星[1] 田大伦[1] 赵仲辉[1] 朱凡[1] 王光军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,长沙410004

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2008年第4期71-76,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技部平台建设项目"国家森林生态野外试验站监测规范与数据标准化研究"(20021220);国家林业局重点项目"会同杉木林生态系统定位研究"(2001107)

摘　　要：利用湖南省会同杉木林生态系统国家野外科学研究站2004--2005年2年连续定位测定数据，分析杉木人工林水文学过程对林分生产力的影响。结果表明：大气降水不仅提供了杉木生长所需要的水分，而且，降水过程中雨水对枝叶和树干的淋溶、冲洗作用，把林冠层截留的干尘降及其自身携带的养分带入林地，降水量的多少决定进入林地的水分并影响林地的养分量；林木生长的季节变化虽然受本身生物节律的影响，但降水的月分配格局，决定着林木生长季节的水肥供给状况，进而影响着林分生产力过程；土壤水分动态与林木生长关系密切，生长季节，当土壤含水量在30％-40％（相对含水量）范围时，林木生长迅速，25％-30％范围时，林木生长速率一般，25％以下时生长速率明显下降；林木蒸腾作用与光合作用有一定的关联，但不能用蒸腾量的大小简单地预示整个林分光合作用的强弱；系统内水分输出对林分生产力的影响体现在养分的保存和损失上，通过蒸腾蒸发作用以水汽形式逸散，失去的只有水分，可以保存营养物质和保持林地的土壤肥力，有利于林木生长，而通过径流以液态形式流走时，不仅失去水分，而且流走了大量营养物质和表土，造成土样瘠薄，进而影响林分的生产力。Hydrological data were measured during two years （from 2004 to 2005） within Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook. plantation at Huitong Ecosystem Research Station of Central South University of Forestry and Technology in Hunan Province, Southern China, then change of stand productivity were analyzed. Atmosphere precipitation has provided moisture content needed by Cunninghamia lanceolata （lamb.） Hook. growth not only, and the precipitation leached from the tree leaves and stems to bring nutrient into the stand. Precipitation was one source for the water and nutrient of Cunninghamia lanceolata （ Lamb. ） Hook. plantation in catchments. Trees grows though seasonal variation accepting self rhythm effect, however, monthly rainfall determined water and nutrient supply to the stand in growing seasons, then effected the stand productivity. Growing ratio of Cunninghamia lanceolata （lamb.） Hook. plantation were matched with soil moisture. The transpiration from forest trees related with the photosynthesis in some degree, however, it was not said that transpiration loss of water could indicate the photosynthesis intensity in the stand, because it was controlled by trees physiology. In a forest ecosystem, transpiration lost water but preserved the nutrient, however, runoff lost both of them, it was that the water output from the ecosystem effected the stand productivity.

关 键 词：杉木人工林 水文学过程 林分生产力 土壤水分 蒸腾 

分 类 号：S718.556[农业科学—林学] S791.27