大型油罐火灾的热辐射危害特性  

On the damage study of the thermal radiation of the large oil-tank fire accidents

作　　者：庄磊[1] 陈国庆[1] 孙志友[1] 冯磊[1] 陆守香[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2008年第4期110-114,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50606035);国家十一五科技支撑计划(2006BAK06B02)

摘　　要：热辐射是油库储油罐燃烧的主要危害特性之一。本文对直径20 m的柴油罐燃烧进行数值模拟,得出无风和有风情况下油罐燃烧热辐射的空间分布规律。在地面高度,随着距离L/D的增加,热辐射强度先增加后减少;在油罐火液面高度,热辐射强度随L/D的增加呈指数衰减规律。引入热辐射危害判据分析消防人员灭火的最小安全距离以及燃烧油罐对相邻油罐的热破坏。结果表明,在无风情况下,直径20 m油罐燃烧消防队员灭火不受二度烧伤的安全距离L约为64 m;有风情况下消防队员不受二度烧伤的灭火安全距离L约为80 m,不受死亡的灭火安全距离L约为62 m。数值模拟结果还与现有池火灾经验模型进行比较,表明在近油罐区(L<3D),两者的热辐射强度分布曲线吻合较好。This paper presents a numerical simulation model on estimating the likely damage consequence of the diesel oil tank fires while focusing on the study of the radiation characteristics. As is known, thermal radiation is a key hazard characteristic of the burning oil tank fires. As a result of our analysis of the related calculated data, we have made a detailed discussion over the spatial distribution regularity of the thermal radiation either with the wind velocity of 5 m/s or simply with no wind effect at all. Generally speaking, on the ground level, the thermal radiant intensity would first of all increase and then decrease with the increase of the dimensionless distance L/D, because there exists sheltering effect of the tank body. However, on the oil-tank fuel surface, the thermal radiant intensity tends to attenuate exponentially with the increase of the dimensionless distance L/D. Thus, it can be said that, at the down-wind location, there may exist higher thermal radiant intensity in the cross-windy condition than in the no-wind condition. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce hazard criteria for analyzing the human safety distance and the heat damage of adjacent oil tanks. In doing so, numerical simulation results prove that under the condition without wind, the safety distance for the firemen to avoid the fire-hitting in the second grade is 64 m with the burning oil tank fire going on with a diameter of 20 m. However, in the cross-wind condition, the safety distance for the firemen to avoid being burned in the second grade would increase to 80m and the death distance is likely to be 62 m. Our numerical results also demonstrate that the thermal radiant intensity at the location of adjacent oil tank is 22 kW/m^2 without wind. In addition, greater risk the firemen would be faced with if they were armed with no proper cooling safeguard devices. It also indicates that the hazards of oil tank downwind also tend to get stronger with the influence of the wind and thus it is absolutely needed to enhance the coolin

关 键 词：安全工程 油罐火灾 热辐射 数值模拟 安全距离 

分 类 号：X9[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X4