驾驶员反应特性在沙漠环境中的表现  

On-spot Testing of the Reaction Characteristics of Drivers in the Desert Conditions

作　　者：艾力.斯木吐拉[1] 李鑫[1] 马晓松[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机械交通学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2008年第4期143-147,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50422286)

摘　　要：在沙漠等特殊环境下,驾驶员的反应特性水平是衡量驾驶员驾驶适宜性的重要指标。为了探索汽车驾驶员的反应特性在特殊环境中的表现特征,本文利用复杂(选择)反应检测仪对沙漠公路行车途中汽车驾驶员进行了实地测试,测试包括反应时间和误反应次数在内的反应特性,并根据获得的有效样本检测数据进行统计整理,对受测驾驶员反应能力总体情况及与驾驶员年龄、驾龄、持续行车时间、检测时的气温等因素之间的关系进行了重点分析。研究表明,受急躁心理影响,沙漠环境下的驾驶员反应速度明显高于平均水平,而误反应次数增多,沙漠公路受测驾驶员复杂反应时间和误反应次数平均值分别为0.74 s和2.91次。关联度分析表明,沙漠公路驾驶员的年龄、驾龄、驾车时间及测试温度等因素与反应时间和错误次数均具有较强的相关性。相对于其他几项因素,驾车时间对驾驶员反应特性的影响最为明显。By using a complex （optional） reaction detector, the paper has done a series of on-spot testing over the reaction characteristics of the professional drivers while they were driving on the Talimakan Desert Roads, including their reaction time and number of missing reactions, in hoping to find the features of their reaction characteristics in the special desert condition. To be exact, what we have done in this study is to find the likely particular characteristics of the drivers＇ driving performance on the desert reads, such as the reaction time and number of missing reactions, so as to determine the main driving influential factors, such as the their age difference, their driving experience, driving duration, and the desert temperature changes, on the their driving performance, and then to find if there exist any inherent correlations of such characteristics with their desert driving based on our analysis of the 1 004 random sampling results, The results of our on-spot testing and analysis indicate that, under the influence of the impatient mentality on the desert reads, they prefer to drive faster than on the regular reads with the greater number of spontaneous missing reactions. The average reaction time and the number of missing reactions are 0.74 s and 2.71 s, respectively, which belong to Level B national standard. On the other hand, the grey incidence analysis also indicates that there likely exists significant relationship between the reaction time and the number of missing reaction with the influential factors, including the drivers＇ age, years of driving, the lasting driving time for the particular case, as well as the particular desert air temperature pre- and post- the driving testing. Compared with other factors, it is shown that the drivers＇ reaction time is more significantly affected by the air temperature, with the influence of the number of miss reactions followed by their continuously lasting driving time. Thus, it can be concluded that the reaction characteristics of the drivers are m

关 键 词：交通工程 沙漠公路 驾驶适宜性检测 反应特性 影响因素 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]