健康风险评价中中国人皮肤暴露面积的估算  

Estimates of the exposed dermal surface area of Chinese in view of human health risk assessment

作　　者：王喆[1] 刘少卿[1] 陈晓民[1] 林春野[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2008年第4期152-156,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAJ05A08)

摘　　要：为更加科学地开展我国健康风险评价,基于中国人身高与体重的统计资料,根据美国环保局、Gehan和George、Haycock等的模型,计算了中国人皮肤总表面积、不同部位皮肤的表面积和不同暴露环境下的皮肤暴露面积。结果表明（美国环保局模型）,中国成年男性和女性的平均皮肤表面积分别为1.69 m^2和1.53 m^2,比美国成年男性和女性的平均皮肤表面积分别低13%和10%;2-12岁年龄段的男性和女性的平均皮肤表面积分别为0.84-0.91 m^2和0.82-0.89 m^2;12-20岁年龄段的男性和女性的平均皮肤表面积为1.48-1.57 m^2和1.42-1.47 m^2。研究表明,我国居民的平均皮肤表面积低于美国居民,因此建议在开展健康风险评估时尽量使用我国居民的人体参数值。此外,不同的暴露情景和季节,人体暴露的皮肤面积也不同,可根据具体情况确定暴露的皮肤表面积。The given paper is inclined to introduce its authors＇ research on the relation between the dermal exposure area and the health risk assessment as a result of dermal exposure, such of contaminated sites, which has been initiated in the environmental management departments concerned in our country. To begin with, we have borrowed and quoted some of such parameters originated in the US and Europe in this line. As is known, it is very common for human beings to expose their dermal surfaces to the outside in a variety of activities, such as washing, swimming, open-field working and/or dancing or special feats-performances, which may lead to different degrees of skin contamination. Since it is relatively difficult to make statistics and measurement of dermal surface area, the Chinese researchers used to adopt data on the dermal surface area of foreigners when they estimated the dermal exposure dose in the health risk assessment for us Chinese. This may result in the errors due to the differences in the body size between Chinese and the foreigners. The objective of this paper is to provide estimate in this way with the data of the body size of Chinese, including height and weight. For this purpose, we have collected the data of Chinese in this way and estimated the dermal surface area with the whole body and various body parts by using the models of Gehan and George, Haycock et al, and USEPA. Results of our estimates indicate that the average dermal areas of Chinese adult male and female were 1. 69 m^2 and 1 - 53 m^2, respectively, which are lower than those of American counterparts by 13 % and 10%. The average dermal areas of Chinese 2 - 12 old males and females were 0- 84 - 0-91 m^2 and 0- 82 - 0- 89 m^2, respectively, while they are 1.48 - 1,57 m^2 and 1-42 - 1-47 m^2 for 12 - 20 old males and females. Therefore, the average dermal area of Chinese is generally lower than those of the Americans. In addition, the average dermal area of Chinese urban male and female is generally higher than those of Chinese in the cou

关 键 词：环境学其他学科 健康风险评价 暴露评估 皮肤暴露面积 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]