磷化氢尾气制备超纯磷生产工艺的风险评价  

Improved risk assessment method in producing ultra-pure phosphorus by using phosphine vented from the industry

作　　者：韩新宇[1] 韩长秀[1] 毕成良[1] 李莉莉[1] 王晓英[1] 张宝贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2008年第4期160-163,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：用磷化氢尾气制备超纯磷的生产过程中,涉及磷化氢、砷化氢和磷等易燃易爆或有毒物质,易引起泄漏、中毒和爆炸事故,需对其进行风险评价。对设计的磷化氢生产超纯磷工艺过程的主要部件进行了HAZOP定性分析,得出控制风险的关键是压力安全保护系统、密封系统、废气排放控制、原料气成分控制和制冷剂充灌量控制。用重气扩散理论模型对高压磷化氢储罐进行了定量分析,得出危险发生时需疏散人员至8 km以外。最后研究了整个系统各个部分的主要安全隐患和应采取的安全保护措施,研究结果对该生产设备和工艺过程安全保障有重要帮助。The present paper takes as its target to introduce an improved risk assessment method in producing ultra-pure phosphorus by using phosphine vented from the industry by using the vented gas gained from the production of sodium hypophosphite. It is known that ultra-pure phosphorus is a kind of original craftwork for energy-saving and environmental protection and vented gas is a mixture made of phosphine, arsine, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane, etc., which are inflammable and explosive, therefore, involving a certain potential risk. What is more important is that phosphine （at a concentration of more than 50% ）, arsine and the production phosphorus（5N）, are all highly poisonous, which can be thought of as the prime carrier of poisonous leakage, leading to explosion. At the beginning of our craftwork, we had adopted cryogenic and adsorbent method of purification to turn the vented gas into highly concentrated phosphine. But, then, with the phosphine being input at the speed of 800 m^3/h, the catalyst in the rector is likely to get blown suspended so as to make the phosphine decomposed into phosphorus and hydrogen. And, now, the installation producing ultra-pure phosphorus, known as catalytic reactor and the ventilator, would work at high temperature of 500 ℃ and high pressure of 0.8 MPa. The ventilator would make the gas of phosphine decompose at a rate of 95 %, which tends to be the most dangerous piece of installation. It is just for reducing the risk likely to be caused by using this critical piece of installation that we have chosen the so-called HAZOP method to conduct the qualitative analysis. Practically speaking, what we have done is to analyze the temperature, by using the head words ＂more ＋ less ＋ other than＂ to the pressure, as well as the flow and change of the input phosphine ： In doing so, we have also used the dense gas diffusing model in analyzing the tank＇ s high pressure in which the highest concentration of phosphine would crop up with 2 m^3 of phosphine at 0.8 MPa.

关 键 词：环境工程 磷化氢 超纯磷 毒性 风险评价 

分 类 号：X9[环境科学与工程—安全科学]