智力外流对欧盟新成员国人力资本的影响——基于波兰的经验研究  

The Impact of the Brain Drain on the Human Capital in New Member States of EU:Evidence from Poland

作　　者：杨希燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学人文学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2008年第8期80-86,共7页World Economy Studies

摘　　要：伴随全球化的深入,"智力外流"引发的问题受到越来越多国际组织、政府和学者的重视。本文根据最新的区分教育水平的多国移民面板数据,以波兰为例,考察了欧盟新成员国这一特定国家组的智力外流经验数据,研究了其对母国长期人力资本存量的影响。本文采用反事实假定测验法,模拟了波兰的智力外流对其人力资本的影响。结论是:欧盟新成员国的智力外流问题突出;就波兰智力外流而言,在上世纪90年代,对外净流失的高教育移民上升了66.9%,从而导致母国高教育劳动力比率有了0.3%的下降,对母国的长期人力资本存量形成了负向冲击。More and more scholars,governments and international organizations have paid attention to the brain drain.With the EU labor market integration,the new member states of EU have become great labs of the brain drain.Using the recent migration panel data by educational attainment,this paper investigates the brain drain evidence from Poland and other new member states in order to study the impact of the brain drain on the human capital.It estimate the net effect of the brain drain in Poland using counterfactual simulations.The result shows that the effects of brain drain in the new member states are severe,as the proportion of high skilled migrants is higher than that of low skilled migrants.The paper proves that the net brain drain had increased about 66.9% in Poland in 1990s,which results in the fact that the proportion of population with tertiary education had decreased about 0.3%.As for Poland,the brain drain had negative effect on human capital at home.

关 键 词：智力外流 欧盟新成员国 波兰 人力资本 移民 

分 类 号：F249.1[经济管理—劳动经济]