三峡库区生态环境变化对血吸虫病流行的影响及防治对策研究  

The Effect of Ecological Changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas on the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis

作　　者：肖邦忠[1] 廖文芳[1] 吴成果[1] 季恒清[1] 吴国辉[1] 罗兴建[1] 万仕学[2] 林晓光 

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042 [2]重庆市万州区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042 [3]重庆市江津区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2008年第8期844-847,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：科技部"十五"攻关项目(No.2001BA705B08)

摘　　要：目的研究三峡成库后生态环境变化对血吸虫病流行的影响,为制定防治方案提供科学依据。方法在三峡库区中段和尾端江岸海拔160m和180m高度,模拟成库后灌溉区和淤积区类似条件,投放湖北肋壳钉螺和四川光壳钉螺,观察其生长繁殖1年的情况;用IHA抽样筛查来往于疫区流动人群中潜在的传染源,粪便检查血吸虫虫卵;了解耕牛等生畜引进情况;调查重庆市历史疫情报告和三峡医院、重庆医科大学附属第一医院诊断的血吸虫病病例;调查影响钉螺输入的因素。结果肋壳钉螺和光壳钉螺成活率仅少数月份在50%以下,多数月份在80%左右,各试验区发现钉螺交配数量较少,相对以3～6月为多,同时发现活幼螺;来往疫区流动人员血清抗体检查1075人,血吸虫抗体阳性率为1.77%,疫区返乡人员1030人,血清阳性率为1.07%;1989-2006年,发现有记载的输入性血吸虫病病例14例;血吸虫病区有大量造纸原料和花草树木进入库区。结论三峡成库后,生态环境发生变化,存在血吸虫病流行的潜在危险。Objective To study the impact of the ecological changes in the three Gorges Reservoir areas on schistosomiasis prevalence and provide the science basis for preventing schistosomiasis. Method The 2 points that are in the middle segment （160 m altitude） and in the end segment （180 m altitude） were chosen. The Hubei oncomelanias and Sichuan oncomelanias were put into the irrigation area and sullage area that simulated the Reservoir after finish with the construction. The growth and propagation of oncomelanias were observed every month for 1 year. Individuals of the floating population in and out of the epidemic areas as the potential infection source of schistosomiasis were diagnosed for the schistosome infection by HIA and egg examination of feces. The livestock were investigated. The history of epidemic situation of Chongqing and schistosomiasis cases in the Three Gorges Hospital and the First Hospital of the Medical University of Chongqing were studied. The impact factors of imported snails were investigated. Result The survival rate was lower than 50% in few mouths and higher than 80% in most of the mouths. The mating rate of oncomelanias was low, but was relatively higher in March-June. The living young oncomelanias were found. 1075 people of the floating population from endemic areas of schistosomiasis were investigated. 1.77% of their serum samples were sero-positive for schistosome. 1030 people returning from endemic areas were investigated. 1.03% of their serum samples were sero-positive for schistosome. The 14 cases of schistosomiasis were diagnosed in the hospitals of Chongqing from 1989 to 2006. Large quantity of paper making material, flower, grass, and tree were imported into the Reservoir area. Conclusion There is the potential danger of increasing the schistosomiasis prevalence whenthe ecological environments are changed after the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

关 键 词：三峡库区 血吸虫病 钉螺 传染源 防治对策 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]