明清期间景德镇祭红釉的化学组成对比研究及其科技意义  

Study on the chemical compositions of sacrificial red graze in Ming and Qing Dynasties and their technical implication

作　　者：彭子成[1] 梁宝鎏[2] 余均岳[2] 郑培凯[3] 李果[3] 李德卉[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [2]香港城市大学物理及材料科学系 [3]香港城市大学中国文化中心

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2008年第3期30-36,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：香港城市大学专题项目(Nos.7001721;7001887);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-318);国家自然科学基金(Nos.40676069;40599424)的资助。

摘　　要：为了进一步讨论明清两代祭红釉的发展沿革,用探针型能量色散X荧光光谱技术测定了10片明永乐祭红釉和胎的化学组成,并结合已发表的相关数据,进行了对明清期间祭红釉和胎的对比研究。结果表明,明代(永乐-宣德-万历)的祭红釉相比于清代(康熙-雍正-乾隆)的R_2O+RO(wt%)平均值约低20%,RO/R_2O(mol/mol)平均值约低45%,RO_2/R_2O_3(mol/mol)平均值约高34%。明代永乐和宣德的祭红釉胎式分布RO_2(mol)值均大于5.8,而清代样品均小于5.4。明清两代祭红釉化学组成的突然变化(shift),可能暗示明代的制釉工艺在清代已经失传,而在清代则自行发展起来。To better understand the development of sacrificial red glazes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the chemical compositions of 10 pieces of Yongle sacrificial red glaze porcelains in Ming Dynasty were determined, using the microprobe EDXRF. Combined with previously published data, the sacrificial red glazes and bodies made during Ming and Qing Dynasties were compared. Results showed that the mean values of RO ＋ R20 （ wt% ）, in the sacrificial red glaze from Yongle, Xuande, and Wanli porcelains of the Ming Dynasty were 20% lower than that in the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong porcelains of the Qing Dynasty, whereas its mean value of RO/R2O （ mol/ mol） was 45% less and the mean value of RO2/R2O3 （mol/mol） was 34% higher. The RO2 （mol） values of Yongle, Xuande, and Wanli porcelains of the Ming Dynasty were all above 5.8 but these of Qing Dynasty ones were all below 5.4. The changes in chemical composition suggest that the process for making the sacrificial red glaze in the Ming Dynasty was lost and a new process was created in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：明清期间祭红釉 釉和胎的化学组成 变化和分布特征 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]