四川省公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生监督管理试点情况分析  

Pilot Hygienic Inspection and Supervision on Central Air-Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places in Sichuan Province

作　　者：张成云[1] 程炼[1] 张丽[1] 陈剑宇[1] 唐明钢[1] 秦廷楷[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2008年第8期602-605,共4页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解四川省公共场所集中空调的管理现状、污染水平及现有监测能力。方法选择成都、乐山、绵阳3个经济相对发达地区进行试点,现场调查和实地检测相结合,严格按照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生管理办法》、《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》及《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范》操作。结果调查61户使用集中空调的公共场所单位主要分布在大型商场、超市和宾馆,无1户安装有空气净化消毒装置,新建、改建和扩建及其投入运行的集中空调通风系统无1户进行卫生学评价,制定预防空气传播性疾病应急预案的仅有1家。12家清洗机构全部集中在成都,均未取得资质。送风中的细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌和PM10清洗前检出率分别为:20.1%,11.8%,20.6%和84.2%;风管内积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌清洗前检出率分别为75%,5.9%,26.5%和0%;冷却(凝)水中嗜肺军团菌检测率为5.9%。4家检测与评价机构中仅有1家具有完整检测设备且检测项目全部通过计量认证。结论自觉按照规章、规范执行的集中空调使用单位很少,清洗机构少且无资质;集中空调如果不定期清洗消毒,超标的真菌总数、PM10和嗜肺军团菌等将对公众健康带来危害;检测与评价机构的能力有待加强,特别是对检测指标的计量认证扩项和评价能力应加大力度。Objective To learn current supervision situation, pollution condition of central air-conditioning in public places in Sichuan Province and surveillance capability. Methods Chengdu, Leshan and Mianyang, three relatively economical prosperous areas, were chosen as pilot areas. On-the-spot investigation and detection were combined. In order to find out shortfalls, operations were strictly carried out following ＂Hygienic Supervision Measures on Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places＂, ＂ Hygienic Regulation on Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places＂ and ＂Hygienic Assessment Regulation on Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places＂. Results Few public places using central airconditioning voluntarily followed regulations and criteria. 61 public areas using central air-conditioning were mainly located at large emporiums, supermarkets and hotels, and none installed air purification and disinfection apparatus. None of the newly-built, rebuilt and extended public areas with central air-conditioning running had done hygienic evaluation, and only one established air-borne diseases spreading emergency coping measures. All 12 central air-conditioning cleaning corporations were located at Chengdu. and none of them had obtained qualification. Before cleanout, detection rates of colony total, mold total, beta hemolytic streptococcus and PM10 in air supply were 20. 1%, 11.8%, 20.6% and 84.2% respectively. Detection rates of dust weight, colony total, mold total and beta hemolytic streptococcus in air ducts＇ inner surface were 75%, 5.9%, 26. 5% and 0% respectively. Detection rate of legionella pneumophila in cooling water or condensate water was 5.9%. Of the 4 detection and evaluation organizations, only one had comprehensive detection apparatuses and passed metric assessment of all the the detection items. Conclusion The inspection and supervision of the central air-conditioning was weak, and the training and assessment of cleaning corporations needed to be

关 键 词：公共场所 集中空调 监测 试点 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]