不同气象条件下烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响研究  

Effect of fireworks burning on air quality under different meteorological conditions

作　　者：张小玲[1] 徐敬[1] 李腊平 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所 [2]大同市气象局,山西大同037004

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2008年第4期6-12,共7页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：北京区域气象科技创新基金项目(BRMCCX200604);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2006CB403703);中国气象局气象新技术推广项目(CMATG2007M12)共同资助

摘　　要：利用2006年春节期间北京城近郊区主要污染物(SO2、NO2、PM10和PM2.5)浓度和气象资料,分析了烟花爆竹禁放改限放后对空气质量的影响。结果表明:除夕和元宵节大量燃放烟花爆竹导致颗粒物浓度在短时内快速上升,但对SO2和NO2浓度的影响不明显。春节期间21:00—02:00为颗粒物浓度受燃放烟花爆竹影响最大的时段,其间PM2.5浓度最高可达该时段内月平均值的6倍,受燃放高峰的影响城近郊区6 h平均PM10浓度超过400μg/m3。城市人类活动集中区和远郊区细粒子浓度对比显示,元宵节城区PM2.5小时浓度高达718μg/m3,比远郊区高500μg/m3以上。气象条件仍是影响春节期间整体空气质量的主要因素,特别是持续高浓度污染主要与小风、逆温、高湿等不利污染物扩散的稳定天气有关。除夕在集中燃放烟花爆竹后,由于存在有利扩散的气象条件,颗粒物浓度很快降低,没有造成持续性的污染,而元宵节前后持续性的空气污染是稳定天气和长时间燃放爆竹以及局地生产生活排放的污染物共同造成的结果。Based on the pollutants （SO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 ） data and meteorological data from Beijing urban, suburban and background areas during the Spring Festival period of 2006, the effects of fireworks burning on air quality were evaluated after the limited burning. The results show that fireworks burning in the New Year＇ s Eve and in the Lantern Festival makes the particles concentrations increasing rapidly in a short moment. But the effects of fireworks burning on the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 are not significant. The particles concentrations are the highest from 21：00 to 02：00 during the Spring Festival, and the maximum value of PM2.5 concentration is six times higher than the monthly normal average. During the concentrated burning period, six hours＇ average concentration of PM10 in Beijing urban area is more than 400 μg/m^3. During the Lantern Festival, the maximum hourly average concentration of PM2.5 is 718 μg/m^3 in Beijing urban area,which is higher about 500 μg/m^3 than that in Beijing background area. The meteorological conditions are still the main controlling factors of air quality during the Spring Festival. The higher concentration pollution is mainly related to wind speed, temperature inversion and humidity and so on. After the concentrated burning of the New Year＇ s Eve, the particles concentrations reduce rapidly because of the advantageous meteorological conditions. Thus, it does not cause the lasting pollution. The lasting air pollution during the Lantern Festival is caused by the stable weather, concentrated fireworks burning and the local pollutant emission.

关 键 词：春节 烟花爆竹 空气质量 颗粒物浓度 气象条件 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]