纺织印染行业职业有害因素管理现状调查  

A Survey of Occupational Hazard Factors and Occupational Disease Management in Spinnery and Printworks Industry

作　　者：赵峰[1] 刘东山[1] 李变兰[1] 陈丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生与家庭医学学院,北京100069

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2008年第4期398-400,共3页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家"十五"重大科技专项攻关课题<职业病防治技术标准研究>(编号:2002BA906A63)

摘　　要：[目的]了解我国纺织印染行业存在的主要职业危害因素及职业病防治现状,为制订相应的防治法规和政策提供依据。[方法]选取有代表性的12家纺织印染企业,采用调查问卷、专家访谈、与企业管理者和职工座谈、现场调查的方式,对企业存在的职业性有害因素、职业卫生管理制度健全程度、有害因素监测和职工健康监护等方面的现状进行调查。[结果]①噪声、高温高湿、粉尘仍是纺织行业严重的职业危害,尤以噪声突出。化学品危害在纺织印染行业的辅助工种(皮辊修理、修梭、修筘、丝网印花和磅料工及整染工序)中较为突出,但因在《职业病危害因素分类目录》中没有收录而缺乏有效的监管。②职业卫生管理、职业性有害因素监测、健康监护等的执行方面,国有企业明显优于民营企业。民营企业在职业病管理的多个环节存在较大的缺陷:职业卫生管理无专人负责,未建立职业卫生档案,缺少职业卫生培训,职业病危害因素监测不及时和健康监护不执行等。[结论]纺织印染行业的职业病管理现状不容乐观,尤其是应进一步对民营、合资企业加大监督力度。对该行业中的辅助工种及染料和印染辅助化学材料的毒性问题,应尽早制定相应的法规和职业病防护规范,以保护劳动者的健康。[ Objective ] To investigate the status of occupational hazard factors and occupational diseases control in spinnery and printworks, then afford the reference for constituting the rules of occupational diseases control. [ Methods ] 12 typical spinneries and printworks in China were chosen as objects, by means of questionnaire, expert interviewing, informal discussion with business managers and workers, and cross sectional surveying, the occupational hazard factors in different working procedures, the integrality and validity of management institution for occupational health, the execution of monitoring hazard factors in working places and of the occupational health surveillance were investigated. [ Results ] ① Noise, high ambient temperature and humidity, and dust were the serious occupational hazards in spinnery industries, in which noise was more outstanding. The chemical toxicant was the conspicuous occupational hazard in printworks, also existed in some auxiliary procedures in spinneries, such as rubber roller, spindle and buckle repaired, silk screen dyer. But all of these were not included in the ＂ Catalog of Occupational Hazard Factors＂, so there was no efficient management. ② As to the validity of management institution for occupational health, the execution of monitoring hazard factors in working places and of the occupational health surveillance, we found that the government owned industries exceled the private industries. Effective surveillance in many sections of occupational disease management were absent in private industries, such as： no special people was in charge of occupational disease management, no occupational health archives were built, no occupational health knowledge trained, the hazard factors monitoring was not in time and no health surveillance. [ Conclusion ] It is not optimistic＇ for occupationaldisease control in spinnery and printworks, especially the surveillance in private and joint venture companies should be enhanced. Occupational disease control criterion for dyest

关 键 词：纺织 印染 职业有害因素 职业病防护 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]