区别词功能游移的原因  

The Cause of the Functional Shift of Distinguishing Words

作　　者：齐沪扬[1] 张素玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海200234

出　　处：《汉语学习》2008年第4期3-10,共8页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：上海市重点学科建设项目(项目编号为:T0405)的资助

摘　　要：本文主要从词类地位、构词成分、语义、语用等角度探讨区别词功能游移的原因。从词类地位的角度看,区别词是名词、形容词、动词连续统的一个"中间站",由于名词、形容词、动词的空间性、程度性、时间性的消长(即弱化或突显)造成了区别词与名词、形容词、动词间的功能游移。从构词成分的角度看,区别词构词成分的语法性质尤其是最后一个语素的语法性质在区别词功能游移时起到了一定的制约作用。从语义特征的角度看,区别词与名词、动词、形容词之间的游移,除了受其来源和构词成分的制约外,区别词本身所包含的语义也起着非常重要的作用。从语用机制的角度看,会话双方都在有意无意地遵循着会话的"经济原则"和"合作原则",从而使得一部分区别词逐渐吸收了所修饰的中心语的意思而发生了功能上的游移。This paper discusses the causes of the functional shift of the distinguishing words from the point of grammar, semantics and pragmatics. From the point of the distinguishing words＇ status in the word class, the distinguishing words are ＂the intermediate station＂ among the nouns, adjectives and verbs. Growth and decline, namely, the weakening and salience of the quality of space, degree and time of the nouns, adjectives and verbs lead to the functional shift between the distinguishing words and the nouns, adjectives or the verbs. From the point of word-forming components, the grammatical quality of the components of the distinguishing words, especially the last morpheme of a distinguishing word plays a certain restrictive role in the functional shift. From the point of semantic characteristics, the inner semantic meaning of a distinguishing word also plays a very important role besides the restriction of its originality and its word forming components in the functional shift to nouns, verbs or adjectives. From the point of pragmatic mechanism, as the speakers and the hearers both consciously and unconsciously obey the economic principle and the co-operative principle of the conversational implicature, a part of the distinguishing words absorb the meaning of the nouns which they modify and eventually shift to the nouns.

关 键 词：区别词 功能游移 词类地位 词素 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]