黑龙江省粮食产量结构与影响产量的气象因子分析  

Analysis of Yield Components and Meteorological Factors Affecting Yields in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：王萍[1] 那济海[1] 朱海霞[1] 闫平[1] 纪仰慧[1] 李廷全[2] 李百超[2] 董杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省气象局,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《气象科技》2008年第4期449-452,共4页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：黑龙江省气象局重点项目"黑龙江省生态与农业气象监测预警评估服务系统"(ZD2006-03)资助

摘　　要：通过黑龙江省1949～2006年粮食产量结构分析及近30年的粮食单产与5～9月气象要素相关分析,得出黑龙江省粮食总产的波动主要取决于粮食作物平均单产波动及作物种植结构的调整。1949年以来,在粮食作物中,玉米和大豆所占比例变化不大,水稻呈逐年增加的趋势,春小麦在20世纪90年代以前呈逐步增加的趋势,而90年代以后则急速下降;水稻的单产最高,其次是玉米,再次是春小麦,大豆单产最低;从单产的增减趋势来看,各种粮食作物单产基本呈逐步增长的趋势。影响黑龙江省粮食产量丰歉的主要气象因子为6月平均温度9、月降水量、5月和6月日照时数。An analysis is made of yield components, correlation between 30-year yield per unit and meteorological factors in summer （May to September） in Heilongjiang Province by means of 50-year grain production data of Heilongjiang Province. The results show that the fluctuation of the total grain yield is attributed to the fluctuation of average total grain yield per unit and the structural adjustment of planting structure. Since 1949, the proportions of corn and soybean yields to total grain yield have been almost kept unchanged, and the rice yield has been increasing year by year. The spring wheat yield presented a gradually increasing trend from 1949 to 1990, but sharply decreased since 1991. The yield per unit of rice was the highest, that of corn the second, spring wheat the third, and soybean the lowest. Comparison of grain yield per unit shows that there was a gradually increasing trend for various crops. The sunshine and temperature were major meteorological factors that influence grain yields in Heilongjiang Province.

关 键 词：粮食产量 种植结构 气象因子 

分 类 号：P457[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S165.27[农业科学—农业气象学]