沙尘天气多发区民勤县发现多例非职业性尘肺病  

Cases of Non-Occupational Pneumoconiosis from Farmers in Minqin County,a Desert Area in Northwest China

作　　者：孟紫强[1] 杨振华[1] 潘竞界 李建民 耿红[1] 张剑[1] 卢彬[1] 闫晓钟 张全喜[1] 张欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境医学与毒理学研究所,山西大学环境科学与工程研究中心,太原030006 [2]甘肃省民勤县疾病预防控制中心,民勤733300

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2008年第4期337-342,共6页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.30230310);山西省自然科学基金项目(No.20031092)

摘　　要：为了调查非职业性尘肺在我国沙尘天气多发区的发病情况,采用多阶段随机抽样方法随机抽取沙尘天气多发区甘肃省民勤县6个乡镇从未接触过职业性沙尘的1500名18岁以上的农民为调查对象,对其中自觉呼吸系统不适的480人进行了胸透,其中81人进行了X光拍片,分析非职业性尘肺病的发生.分析结果表明,有8例非职业性尘肺患者.如果假设在所调查的未进行X光拍片的农民中无人患有非职业性尘肺病(实际上漏检的可能性是存在的),其患病率也高达5.33‰,表明长期暴露于沙尘天气可引发非职业性尘肺,且发病率高,症状严重,对当地农民的健康影响很大.对此,应引起高度重视.由此结论:长年暴露于沙尘天气可导致非职业性尘肺病的发生.论文建议,将这种因常年暴露于沙尘天气而引起的非职业性尘肺病定名为"沙漠尘肺"(简称:沙漠肺)。To explore whether or not prevalence of non-occupational pneumoconiosis in region where dust weathers occur frequently in China, also to provide scientific suggestions for constituting policies about disease control and prevention in Northwest China, the random sample for the epidemiological study was carried through with stratified multi-stage randomization among 1500 subjects ≥18-year-old. The subjects were farmers never exposed to occupational dusts, from 6 towns in Minqin County, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Four hundred and eighty persons had a chest-perspective, and 81 among them were taken a-full sized PA chest radiograph by an experienced radiographer using a mobile X-ray machine. After the analysis of these chest radiographs, 8 patients with non-occupational pneumoconiosis were found, and the prevalent rate was at least 5.33%. Our novel observations can be summarized as follows： 1 ）long-term exposure to dust weather can cause non-occupational desert pneumoconiosis; 2 ）the prevalent rate of the non-occupational pneumoconiosis in this desert area is high and its symptoms are serious. We suggest that the non-occupational pneumoconiosis caused by long-term exposure to dust weather should be named＂Desert Pneumoconiosis＂.

关 键 词：非职业性尘肺 沙漠尘肺 沙漠肺 尘肺病 沙尘天气 沙尘颗粒物 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]