聚丙烯/黏土纳米复合材料制备的影响因素  

Factors Influencing Preparation of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

作　　者：陈斌艺[1] 王向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学材料科学与工程系,北京100037

出　　处：《中国塑料》2008年第8期1-7,共7页China Plastics

基　　金：北京市教育委员会科技发展计划面上项目(KM200810011009)

摘　　要：综述了原料性能、加工设备和加工工艺对于聚丙烯/黏土纳米复合材料制备过程的重要影响。原料性能方面,当前的研究表明,聚丙烯的分子结构参数、黏土性能、相容剂性能对复合材料的结构与性能具有重要影响。均聚聚丙烯和共聚聚丙烯的相对分子质量越小,越有利于得到"插层结构"的复合材料;而相对分子质量越大,越不利于高分子链进入黏土层间,但一旦进入层间却有利于片层分离,得到"剥离结构"的复合材料。黏土的有机化处理和处理后黏土的阳离子交换能力越大越有利于"插层"和"剥离"的进行。相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)的相对分子质量和接枝率对于"插层结构"和"剥离结构"的获得均有影响,低相对分子质量、高接枝率的 PP-g-MAH 有利于"插层结构"的获得,而高相对分子质量、低接枝率的 PP-g-MAH 有利于部分"剥离结构"的获得;加工设备方面,当前的研究表明,双螺杆挤出机依然是制备聚丙烯纳米复合材料的重要选择,而且高剪切速率的螺杆有利于得到"剥离结构"的复合材料,但是过高的剪切速率和物料在螺杆内的较长停留时间却不利于"剥离结构"的稳定。此外,在双螺杆挤出机上增加电熔融管,通过其产生的电场可以得到"剥离结构"的复合材料;加工工艺方面,物料混合方法(直接混合法和母料法)、螺杆转速、机筒温度、物料停留时间等均会对复合材料的"插层结构"和"剥离结构"产生一定影响,高的螺杆转速和低的机筒温度有利于"剥离结构"的获得。The important factors influencing the preparation of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites were discussed, including the nature of the polymer and clay, melt processing equipment and conditions. Low molecular weight and high MAH grafting degree of polypropylene were beneficial to intercalation, however, once intercalated, high molecular weight and low MAH grafting degree were beneficial to the exfoliation. The higher the cation exchange capacity （CEC） of the clay, the higher the degree of exfoliation was achieved. Twin-screw extruder constituted a good mean for the preparation of polypropylene/ clay nanocomposites, which provide proper shear rate to obtain exfoliated structure. However, too high shear rate and too long resident time of the materials in the extruder may cause instability of the exfoliated structure. In addition, an ＂electric melt pipe＂ equipped in the twin-screw extruder may promote the formation of exfoliated structure through its electric field. Processing parameters like loading sequence （direct blending or masterbatch method）, screw speed, barrel temperature, and the materials resident time all have impact on the structure of the nanocomposites, especially, high rotating speed of the screws and lower barrel temperature may enhance the exfoliation.

关 键 词：聚丙烯 黏土 纳米复合材料 影响因素 

分 类 号：TQ325.14[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]