纳米材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料的特性及对作物氮素利用率与氮素损失的影响  

Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers felted and coated by nano-materials on nitrogen recovery and loss of crops

作　　者：肖强[1] 张夫道[1] 王玉军[1] 张建锋[1] 张树清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2008年第4期779-785,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家863计划"纳米肥料关键技术研究与产业化"项目(2001AA218041)资助

摘　　要：通过冬小麦—夏玉米轮作下3年6季的田间试验,研究纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料对氮素利用率和硝态氮淋溶损失的影响。结果表明,与普通氮磷钾化肥配施相比,4种纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料提高小麦对氮素的利用率2.80-23.38个百分点,玉米对氮素的利用率1.01-21.63个百分点。在0—80 cm土层,PS、BC208和306处理下土壤硝态氮含量高于普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理,而F208处理低于普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理;在80—160 cm土层,均低于普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理;在接近地下水水位土层（140—160 cm）,减少硝态氮1.61-2.42 mg/kg。4种纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料损失出土壤-作物系统的氮素比普通氮磷钾化肥配施处理减少2.00-24.90个百分点。结果表明,纳米级材料胶结包膜型缓/控释肥料能有效的提高氮素利用率和减少硝态氮的淋溶损失。A 3-year and 6-season field experiment involving winter wheat and summer corn rotation was conducted to study the effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers fehed and coated by nano-materials on nitrogen recovery and accumulation of NO3^- -N. The results showed that for the treatment of slow/controlled release fertilizers fehed and coated by nano-materials, N recovery of wheat and corn increased 2.80-23.38 percentage points and 1.01-21.63 percentage points compared with NPK treatment separately. At 0-80 cm in soil profile, NO3^- -N concentration of PS, BC208 and 306 treatments were higher than that of NPK treatment, but F208 treatment was lower. At 80-160 cm in soil profile, NO3^- -N concentration of NPK treatment was the highest. At 140-160cm in soil profile, NO3^- -N concentration decreased by 1.61-2.42 mg/kg and N loss decreased by 2.00-24.90 percentage points out of soil-crops system for slow/controlled release fertilizers fehed and coated by nanometer materials compared with NPK treatment. The results showed slow/controlled release fertilizers fehed and coated by Nano-materials could improve nitrogen recovery and decrease NO3 ^--N loss effectively.

关 键 词：硝态氮 淋失 纳米 缓/控释肥料 

分 类 号：S145[农业科学—肥料学]