海南GPS网探测对流层水汽廓线的试验研究  被引量:18

Tropospheric Water Vapor Profiles Using GPS Network in Hainan

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作  者:毕研盟[1] 毛节泰[2] 毛辉 

机构地区:[1]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [2]北京大学物理学院大气科学系,北京100871 [3]深圳市气象局,深圳518001

出  处:《应用气象学报》2008年第4期412-419,共8页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基  金:国家自然科学基金项目(40705010)资助

摘  要:介绍了2005年11月在海南地区进行的一次地基GPS小网观测试验。试验目的是研究利用组网的GPS倾斜路径观测进行对流层水汽层析反演,给出站点上空水汽的垂直廓线结构信息。概述了试验中GPS原始数据处理方法以及层析反演的方法。将GPS层析得到的水汽垂直廓线与海口站探空观测的水汽廓线进行了对比,结果表明:二者一致性较好,均方根误差在0.5 g.m-3左右,层析结果较好地反映出试验期间水汽减少、大气变干的过程。另外,采用3种不同的先验信息方案测试分析了GPS层析的结果,表明GPS观测量对水汽先验信息有明显的调整作用。并对GPS水汽层析中可能存在的问题进行了讨论。试验证明高时间分辨率的GPS观测有能力层析出GPS测站上空水汽的廓线信息。Water vapor plays a key role in atmospheric processes. Water vapor field is also one of the initial conditions needed by numerical weather prediction. Its distribution remains difficult to quantify due to water vapor's high variability in time and space and the deficiency of available measurements. The GPS has proved its capacity to measure the integrated water vapor at zenith with the same accuracy as other methods, such as radiosonde and water vapor radiometers, which has been demonstrated by many experiments and GPS precipitable water vapor has been operated in many areas. Recent studies also show that it is possible to quantify the integrated water vapor in the direction of signals of the GPS satellite. These observations can be used to study the water vapor tomography using GPS network. That is to use the water vapor amount along slant path of GPS satellites to form observation equations and to obtain the vertical profile information over GPS sites by solving these equations. The principle of tomography is introduced in which slant path observations from ground-based GPS is used and the method of calculating the observation equations is presented. During November in 2005, a small GPS network experiment is carried out in Hainan. The purpose of this experiment is to study the tomography tropospheric water vapor profiles based on GPS slant path observations. Without a priori information of water vapor, the absolute value of water vapor is difficult to resolve. After the method of GPS raw data processing is summarized, how to use a priori information is also analyzed. The period of tomography is from Nov 17 to 21 in 2005. Three different vertical tomographic resolutions of 600 m, 800 m and 1000 m are tested and analyzed. Results show that these resolutions have no large difference. Therefore, tomographic resolution from 500 m to 1000 m can be applied in practical use. In the experiment, tomographic vertical resolution of 1000 m is selected. Three different plans using a priori information are described

关 键 词:GPS 水汽 层析 

分 类 号:P228.4[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] P426[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]

 

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