重庆缙云山典型林分3种时间尺度下产流特征研究  

Runoff generation characteristics on three time scales for typical stands in Jinyun Mountain,Chongqing City

作　　者：储小院[1] 王玉杰[1] 王云琦[1] 成晨[1] 夏一平 吴云 陈林 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院、水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室 [2]重庆市缙云山国家级自然保护区管理局

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2008年第4期103-108,共6页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1802);国家自然科学基金项目(30671661);“948”国家林业局引进项目(2007-4-14)

摘　　要：为给三峡库区城市森林水源涵养植被建设提供依据,该文基于2002—2005年的降雨和径流观测数据,研究了重庆缙云山4种典型林分4种时间尺度下的产流特征。结果表明:①2002—2005年降雨年际间分布均匀,变幅较小,降雨年平均相对变率为4.46%,变差系数为0.061 8,月平均降雨量类似正态分布。②降雨量、地表径流量与地下径流量都表现出明显的干、湿季之分,每年10月至翌年3月为干季,4—9月为湿季;4种林地的全年径流量主要产生在湿季,湿季地表径流量约占全年地表径流量的85%以上,地下径流量约占全年地下径流量的75%以上。③地表径流和地下径流峰值均出现在6月;月平均降雨量与对应的月地表径流量和月地下径流量均表现为一元二次方程关系;平均年地表径流量依次为:楠竹林>灌木林>针阔混交林>常绿阔叶林;平均年地下径流量依次为:常绿阔叶林>针阔混交林>楠竹林>灌木林。④在相同的场暴雨条件下,地表径流系数表现为:楠竹林>灌木林>针阔混交林>常绿阔叶林;地下径流系数表现为:常绿阔叶林>针阔混交林>楠竹林>灌木林;场暴雨量与地表径流量和地下径流量之间均表现出线性关系。⑤常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林在年、月尺度下对降水表现出较好的理水作用,在场暴雨尺度下表现出较好的调洪功能;楠竹林在3种时间尺度下理水调洪功能最差。To provide a basis for urban afforestation of water conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, based on the observation data of rainfall and runoff process during 2002 - 2005, the authors studied the runoff generation characteristics of the four typical forests on three time scales in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing City. The results show that, 1） Rainfall process distributed evenly during 2002 - 2005. Relative change rate of annual rainfall was 4.46% and variation coefficient was 0.061 8. Average monthly rainfall agreed with the normal distribution. 2） Both precipitation and runoff periods were obviously divided into dry season and wet season. Dry season was from October to the next March and wet season was during April to September. Most runoff volume of four forests came from the wet season. Among them, surface runoff accounted for over 85% and underground flow over 75%. 3） The peak values of surface runoff and underground runoff occurred in June. The relation between monthly rainfall and surface runoff or underground runoff was performed by the unary quadratic equation. The order of annual surface runoff was given as follows： bamboo forest 〉 shrub forest 〉 mixed forest 〉 broadleaved forest. The annual underground runoff was broadleaved forest 〉 mixed forest 〉 bamboo forest 〉 shrub forest, g） Under the same rainstorm events, the order of the surface runoff coefficient was broadleaved forest 〈 mixed forest 〈 shrub forest 〈 bamboo forest, and the underground runoff coefficient was broadleaved forest 〉 mixed forest 〉 bamboo forest 〉 shrub forest. The relation between rainstorms and surface runoff or underground runoff was performed well by linear relationship. 5） Both mixed forest and broadleaved forest had the better effects on flood regulation on time scales of year, month and rainstorms. The function of bamboo forest was the worst on three time scales.

关 键 词：缙云山 典型林分 时间尺度 产流特征 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]