低纬高原雷暴的气候特征分析  

Analysis on Climatic Features of Thunderstorm in Lower Latitude Plateau of China

作　　者：许迎杰[1] 尹丽云[1] 邓勇[2] 张腾飞[1] 刘雪涛[1] 谢屹然[1] 徐开[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省气象局雷电中心,云南昆明650034 [2]云南省气象局,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《高原气象》2008年第4期888-895,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：2006年中国气象局多轨道研究型业务"云南省雷电监测预警系统的研究开发"专项资助;2006年云南省气象局业务研究"低纬高原雷电探测资料应用和预报方法研究"专项共同资助

摘　　要：利用云南113个观测站1971-2005年雷暴观测资料，通过数理统计、小波分析和EOF分析，研究了云南雷暴的气候变化特征。结果表明：云南年雷暴日数较多，年际变化较大，年雷暴日数有减少的趋势，每10年雷暴日数减少12天；云南雷暴季节变化显著，由冬至夏，雷暴逐渐增多；由夏至冬，雷暴逐月减少。5～10月云南雷暴出现2个或3个雷暴中心且雷暴中心少动，雷暴主要活动区集中在25°N以南、103°E以西区域。10月～4月雷暴主要活动区位于25°N以南的区域，云南省雷暴基本呈现由南向北逐渐减少的特征。从小波分析的结果看，云南雷暴具有2，4，6年的短周期和8，11年的长周期振荡变化，其中以4年和11年振荡周期为主要特征。根据EOF分析，云南雷暴异常空间分布主要有以下几类：夏半年为全区一致型、东南-西北型、东北-西南型、纬向型、经向型；冬半年为全区域型、纬向型、东南西北型、经向型和局部区域型。Using the observational thunderstorm data of 113 stations in Yunnan for 1971-1995, the climatic characteristics of the thunderstorms are studied by means of mathematical statistics, the analysis of wavelets and the analysis of EOF. The result show that the mean annual numbers of thunderstorm days are too many, and interannual thunderstorm variability is obvious, the annual number of thunderstorm days has a decreasing trend, its value of decreasing days is about 12 per decade. The seasonal variation of thunderstorm in Yunnan is obvious. The days of thunderstorm are gradually increasing from winter to summer, it is gradually decreasing from summer to winter. The thunderstorm in Yunnan from May to October appears tow or three centers and the centers do not move almost. The main activity area of thunderstorms concentrate on the area to the south of 25°N and the west of 103°E. From October to April, the main activity area of thunderstorms lie in the area to the south of 25°N. The thunderstorm shows the character of decreasing gradually from south to north. The results from wavelets analysis show that the variation period of annual number of thunderstorm days in Yunnan is about the short periods of 2, 4, 6 years and the long periods of 8 and 11 years, thereinto, the variation period of 4 and 11 years are the main characters. The analysis of EOF shows that the abnormal features of spatial distribution of thunderstorm in Yunnan is comprised in several types： Types of entire area, southeast-northwest, northeast- southwest, latitude and longitude directions in summer; types of entire area, latitude direction, southea-stnorthwest, longitude direction and part area in winter.

关 键 词：雷暴 气候特征 小波分析 EOF分析 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]