玉米秸秆对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响及化学基础研究  

Inhibitory Effects and Chemical Basis of Cornstalk on the Growth of Alexandrium tamarense

作　　者：杨维东[1] 欧阳妤婧[1] 刘洁生[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生物工程学系

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第9期2470-2474,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2001CB409710);广东省科技计划项目(2004B20501007)

摘　　要：以塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为材料,观察了玉米茎秆和玉米叶对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响,比较了灭菌、未灭菌玉米叶的抑藻活性,并对玉米叶抑制藻类生长的化学基础进行了分析,以期为筛选和发现新的高效除藻剂提供思路.结果表明,玉米秸秆能显著抑制塔玛亚历山大藻的生长,玉米叶的抑藻作用强于玉米茎秆.0.5 g/L的玉米叶对密度为1.69×106个/L的塔玛亚历山大藻的生长有明显的抑制作用.灭菌、未灭菌玉米叶对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用无明显差别,表明微生物不是玉米秸秆发挥抑藻作用的主要原因.玉米叶不同溶剂粗提物对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用不同,石油醚、二氯甲烷粗提物的抑藻活性明显强于乙酸乙酯和正丁醇粗提物.GC-MS分析结果显示,石油醚、二氯甲烷粗提物中主要含十八碳二烯酸、十八碳三烯酸、棕榈酸等脂肪酸类物质,提示长链脂肪酸可能是玉米秸秆抑藻的主要化学成分.To provide more information on new algaecide with high efficiency, ecological safety and selectivity, effects of corn stem and leaves on the growth of Alexandrium tamarense were observed. The roles of microorganism in the inhibition were assessed. The inhibitory activities of different solvent extracts from the corn leaves were discussed and the potential antialgal chemicals in corn leaves were analyzed by GC-MS. Cornstalk is shown to have distinctly inhibitory effect on A. tamarense, and the inhibition of corn leaves is stronger than that of the corn stem. 0.5 g/L of the corn leaves inhibit A. tamarense remarkably in cell density of 1.69×10^6 cells/L. There are little differences in antialgal action between asepsis leaves and rude leaves, suggesting that some antialgal compounds from leaves may be responsible for the inhibition and that microorganisms from leaves have little effect on the inhibition. The petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts from corn leaves are shown to have stranger inhibition on A. tamarense than ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts. GC-MS shows that extracts with high inhibitory activities contain many fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and palmitic acid, etc. These results suggest that corn leaves have some inhibitory effect on A. tamarense and fatty acids may be responsible for the inhibition.

关 键 词：赤潮 玉米秸秆 脂肪酸 塔玛亚历山大藻 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]