4种水生植物根际磷素耗竭效应的比较  

Phosphorus Rhizosphere Depletion Effect of Four Aquatic Plants

作　　者：王震宇[1] 温胜芳[1] 邢宝山[1,2] 高冬梅[1] 李锋民[1] 胡洪营[3] Sakoda Akiyoshi Sagehashi Masaki 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院海洋生态与环境教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]Department of Plant,Soil and Insect Sciences,University of Massachusetts,Amherst MAOIO03,USA [3]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [4]东京大学生产技术研究所,日本东京153-8505

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第9期2475-2480,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30570340);NSFC-JST重大国际合作项目(20510076);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC10B03);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目(055128)

摘　　要：利用短期盆栽试验和抖根法研究了喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、香蒲(Typha latifolia)、慈姑(Sagittariasagittifolia)和芦苇(Phragmites communis)4种水生植物的根际磷素耗竭效应,分析了植物根冠比、根系形态、磷素吸收有效性和磷素利用有效性等差异,探讨了植物根际磷素耗竭效应的吸收利用调控机制.结果表明,与非根际土壤(有效磷含量为167.53μg.g-1)相比,喜旱莲子草、香蒲、慈姑和芦苇根际土壤的有效磷含量分别减少至80.17、124.37、155.38和161.75μg.g-1,水溶性磷含量分别减少了81%、42%、18%和16%.喜旱莲子草根系较小,但磷素吸收有效性高(1.32 mg.m-1),其磷素利用有效性不高(0.34 g.mg-1);香蒲的磷素吸收有效性虽然比喜旱莲子草低许多(0.52 mg.m-1),但其有强大的根系,且磷素利用有效性高(0.64 g.mg-1)、根冠比大(0.35).喜旱莲子草和香蒲耗竭根际磷素的能力高于慈姑和芦苇.Four aquatic plants （ Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Phragmites communis ） were cultured on P-enriched soil in a pot experiment to assess the phosphorus rhizosphere depletion effect and analysis the ratio of root to shoot, root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus use efficiency. An obvious variation in P concentration of the soil in the rhizophere and non-rhizophere was observed. Compared with the non-rhizosphere （available P： 167.53 μg·g^-1）, the available P in the rhizosphere soil of Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis was reduced to 80.17, 124.37, 155.38 and 161.75 μg·g^-1 respectively, with 81% , 42 %, 18 % and 16 % reduction ratio of water-soluble phosphorus. More effective phosphorus depletion was achieved in Alternanthera philoxeroides by higher phosphorus uptake efficiency （ 1.32 mg·m^-1）, while rooting system was small and phosphorus use efficiency was low（0.34 g·mg^-1）. Phosphorus uptake efficiency of Typha latlfolia is much lower （0.52 mg·m^-1） than that of Alternanthera philoxeroides, however, its strong rooting system enhanced soil exploration, with higher phosphorus use efficiency （0.64 g·mg^-1） and the ratio of root to shoot （0.35）. Alternanthera philoxeroides and Typha latifolia were more effective in phosphorus depletion of the rhizosphere soil than that in Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis.

关 键 词：根际土壤 磷素耗竭 水溶性磷 根系形态 磷素吸收有效性 磷素利用有效性 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]