开封市郊区主要生境外来杂草生态位  

Niches of alien weeds in main habitats of Kaifeng suburb

作　　者：李俊娇[1] 谷艳芳[2] 张丽霞[1] 丁圣彦[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学生命科学学院,河南开封475001 [2]河南大学生态科学与技术研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2008年第9期1543-1548,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671175);河南省科技攻关资助项目(0624080002)

摘　　要：2005春秋2季对开封市郊农田、果园、菜地、撂荒地不同生境外来杂草进行了调查,并采用定量分析方法,研究了外来杂草和本地杂草种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠值。结果表明:本调查共记录外来杂草11种,春季7种,秋季7种,共同种3个;春季加拿大蓬、婆婆纳相对多度较高,分别是0.239、0.111;秋季相对多度较高的外来杂草为香附子,为0.409;春季加拿大蓬的生态位较宽,为0.854;秋季生态位较宽的外来杂草为牛筋草、反枝苋、香附子,分别是0.986,0.822,0.807。外来杂草与本地杂草的重叠值主要分布在0.5以下,在资源利用方面二者存在分化,因而外来杂草在种群扩展方面存在一定的优势。In spring and autumn of 2005, the alien weeds in various habitats of Kaifeng suburb, including farmland, orchard, vegetable garden, and wasteland, were investigated, and the niche breath and overlap of the alien weeds and main native weeds were measured. A total of 11 alien weed species were recorded, 7 species occurring in spring, 7 species in autumn, and 3 species in both seasons. In spring, the relative abundance of Veronica didyma and Conyza canadensis was higher, being 0. 239 and 0. 111, respectively ; in autumn, Cyperus rotundus had a higher relative abundance, being 0. 409. In spring, C. Canadensis had a wider niche breath （0. 854） ; in autumn, the niche breath of Eleusine indica, Amaranthus retroflexus, and C. rotundus was 0. 986, 0. 822, and 0. 807, respectively. The niche overlap values of alien and native weeds were mainly under 0. 5, and there existed polarizations in utilizing resources between them. The alien weeds had advantages in population expansion.

关 键 词：生态位宽度 生态位重叠 外来杂草 生境 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]