多花野牡丹传粉生物学观察  

Study on pollination biology of Melastoma affine

作　　者：彭东辉[1] 张启翔[1] 黄启堂[2] 许贤书[2] 谢祥财[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [2]福建农林大学园林学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建林学院学报》2008年第2期115-120,共6页Journal of Fujian College of Forestry

基　　金：福建省高等学校科技基金资助项目(JA07071)

摘　　要：对福州地区3个天然居群多花野牡丹传粉生物学的观察结果显示:多花野牡丹5:30-7:00开始开花,7:40-8:10完全开放,16:30-17:30花朵闭合,单花开放时间为12 h,群体花期(53±5)d,无花蜜分泌。访花昆虫主要是蜂类、食蚜蝇类和丽金龟类,传粉昆虫主要是木蜂、蜜蜂等,其中木蜂传粉活动最为活跃,为最有效传粉昆虫。完全套袋、去雄和去雌(去柱头)处理的均不结实,表明多花野牡丹不存在无融合生殖、主动自花授粉和滞后自交的生殖保障现象。而人工自交和异交均具有较高的坐果率,表明多花野牡丹为自交亲和的异交种,需要昆虫传粉。多花野牡丹繁育系统是兼性自交。The pollination biology of Melastoma affine Linn. was studied in three populations in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, southeastern China. The flowers of M. affine came into blossom at 5：30 -7：00, into full-blossom at 7：40 -8：10 and into petal-shut at 16：30 - 17：30. The florescence of individual flower and population flowers were 12 h and （53 ± 5） days respectively. There was no nectar in the flowers. The species of flower-visiting insects were Apoidea, Syrphidae, Tutelidae, etc. The effective pollinators were carpenter bees, honeybees, etc. A carpenter bee was the most active insect among them. The field experiments indicated that the fruit sets were significantly high in both artificially out-crossed and self-pollinated flowers, while no fruit set was observed in bagged emasculated flowers and the unpollinated bagged flowers. These facts indicated that there was no self-compatible, no self-pollination and agamospermy in this species. Pollinated-insects were necessary for it. The breeding system of M. affine was a typical facuhative inbred type.

关 键 词：多花野牡丹 传粉生物学 繁育系统 花粉胚珠比率 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]