北方土石山区小流域综合治理措施及效应研究  

Integrated Control Measures and Their Effects of Small Watershed in the Rocky Area of Northern China

作　　者：王忠科 和继军[2] 蔡强国[2] 

机构地区：[1]张家口市水利工程质量监督站张家口市水土保持生态环境监测分站,河北张家口075000 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环与地表过程重点实验室

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第4期11-16,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：973国家重点基础研究发展计划资助(2007CB407207)

摘　　要：通过野外坡面径流小区观测和沟道断面定点监测,对不同降雨特征条件下不同水土保持措施坡面水沙过程进行对比研究,分析了前期降雨、降雨特征与产流产沙的关系,并对林草植被的水土保持效果进行了探讨。结果表明,相同降雨和水土保持措施处理下,存在前期降雨事件的小区径流量和泥沙量明显偏大。两场降雨的降雨特征差异越大,不同处理下的径流量和产沙量的差异亦越大。水土保持措施通过改变下垫面状况可以削弱降雨特征对径流产沙的影响。水平梯田的拦沙蓄水效果最高,植物措施结合适当整地同样可以取得良好的水土保持效果,而封禁治理初期必须辅助以工程措施为植被的恢复创造条件。沟头防护措施可以减少沟道径流,有效抑制沟道土壤侵蚀。Based on the observation in runoff plots and gully cross-section in the field, the relationship between runoff and sediment yield for different soil and water conservation measures under different rainfall characer conditions was studied. The effects of prophase rainfall and rainfall characters on runoff and sediment yield were analyzed. Soil and water conservation benefits of vegetation were discussed. Results showed that runoff and sediment from runoff plots with the application of prophase rainfall were greater under the conditions of the same rainfall and soil and water conservation measure. The larger the difference in the character of two rainfall events was, the larger the difference in the amount of runoff and sediment yield from runoff plots was. For the different measures, the benefit of level terrace was the highest; vegetation measure combined with appropriate engineering measure also obtained a good benefit of soil and water conservation. In the initial stage of vegetation enclosure, engineering measure must be used to improve the environment of ecological recovery. Gully head protection measure can well protect gully head and control gully erosion.

关 键 词：降雨特征 前期降雨 沟头防护 累积侵蚀量 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]