辣椒受精过程及其经历时间的研究  

Fertilization and Time Course in Capsicum annuum L.

作　　者：申家恒[1] 申业[2] 丁常宏[1] 董雪云[1] 陆俊萍[1] 杨虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命与环境科学学院生物系,哈尔滨150080 [2]中国农业大学生物学院,北京100094

出　　处：《园艺学报》2008年第7期995-1002,共8页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3880041)

摘　　要：运用常规石蜡制片技术与光学显微镜技术研究了辣椒（Capsicum annuum L．）受精过程及其经历的时间。结果表明：辣椒为自花授粉植物；成熟雄配子体为二细胞型花粉，生殖细胞在花粉管内分裂产生两个精子；花粉管破坏一个助细胞并释放精子，两精子同时移向卵细胞与次生核，精卵融合速度较慢，精子和次生核融合较快；辣椒为细胞型胚乳。自花授粉后2～4h在柱头上大量花粉萌发；授粉后8～12h花粉管长过花柱进入子房腔；授粉后12～20h花粉管在助细胞里释放精子；授粉后14～30h雌雄性细胞融合；授粉后18～40h初生胚乳核分裂，初生胚乳核休眠期约为4～6h；授粉后4d左右合子分裂，合子休眠期为3d左右。Embryological characters during fertilization and the time course of the fertilization process in Capsicum annuum L. were described by means of routine paraffin-embedded sectioning technique and observed by microscopy. The results are as follows： The mature male gametophyte is 2-celled pollen grain, and the generative cell divides into two sperms in the pollen tube. Pollen tube destroys one synergid and releases two sperms which move to egg and secondary nucleus at the same time. Fusion of egg-sperm is slower than that of secondary nucleus-sperm. The development of the endosperm is of cellular type. Pollen grains germinate on the stigma 2 -4 h after pollination. A pollen tube gets into the ovary Iocule 8 - 12 h after pollination. Pollen tube releases two sperms into one synergid 12 -20 h after pollination. Fusion of male and female sexual cells takes place about 14 -30 h after pollination. The division of primary endosperm nucleus takes place 18 -40 h after pollination, and its dormancy stage lasts for 4 - 6 h. About 4 days after pollination, zygote begins dividing and its dormancy stage lasts for 3 days.

关 键 词：辣椒 受精过程 受精间隔期 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]