滇池北岸韭黄生产基地韭黄和韭菜产品硝酸盐含量及其积累规律  

The Nitrate Content and Accumulation Character of the Yellow Chinese Chive and Chinese Chive from the North Bank of Dianchi Lake

作　　者：张瑞杰[1,2] 林国林[1] 胡正义[2,3] 吴永红[2] 逄玉万[2,4] 殷小锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]中国科学院研究生院资源与环境学院,北京100049 [4]广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《园艺学报》2008年第8期1155-1160,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家‘十五’重大科技专项-科技部‘863’项目(2005AA601010-02);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-038)

摘　　要：通过对滇池北岸韭黄生产基地52份韭黄和109份韭菜样品硝酸盐含量分析并结合田间试验,研究了韭黄硝酸盐累积规律以及光照、氮肥、硝化抑制剂(双氰胺和硫磺)对韭黄硝酸盐累积的影响。结果表明,韭黄硝酸盐含量为379.2～1354.6mg·kg-1(均值774.1mg·kg-1),韭菜为258.2～3878.0mg·kg-1(均值1615.7mg·kg-1)。韭黄不同部位硝酸盐含量为:黄绿叶>叶鞘>叶片。早上6:00韭黄揭棚见光后,硝酸盐含量逐渐下降,12:00后又逐渐升高,14:00达最大,随后又下降。田间试验证实,减施20%的氮肥用量,韭黄硝酸盐含量下降13.6%,产量没有影响;双氰胺的施用使韭黄硝酸盐含量下降12.9%,并提高其产量11.1%;硫磺的施用可以增加韭黄产量13.5%,减少硝酸盐的含量8.6%。早上韭黄揭棚见光也能显著减少其硝酸盐含量。上述措施能有效减少韭黄硝酸盐含量,具有推广价值。The nitrate content of 52 samples of yellow Chinese chive and 109 samples of Chinese chive collected from the north bank of Dianchi Lake were determined, one field trial was also conducted to investi- gate the effects of nitrogen fertilization, nitrification inhibitor （ DCD and elemental sulfur）, and light illumina- tion on content of nitrate in yellow Chinese chive. The results indicated content of nitrate ranged from 379.2 to 1 354. 6 mg ~ kg- l with an average of 774. 1 mg ~ kg- l in yellow Chinese chive, and from 258.2 to 3 878.0 mg ~ kg-I with an average of 1 615.7 mg ~ kg-I in Chinese chive. Content of nitrate in different yellow Chi- nese chive tissue decreased in the following order ： Kelly leaf 〉 vagina 〉 lamina. Content of nitrate in yellow Chinese chive decreased after exposing light illumination at 6：00 am, until 12：00 am; subsequently in- creased gradually and reached at a peak value at 14：00 pm, thereafter decreased again. Field trial results demonstrated that reducing 20% of nitrogen fertilizer decreased by 13.6% nitrate content of yellow Chinese chive without losing yields; DCD decreased nitrate content of yellow Chinese chive by 12.9% , and increased yields 11.1%; Element sulfur increased significantly yields 13.5%, and reduced its nitrate content by 8.6% ; Exposing sunlight of yellow Chinese chive before harvesting also resulted in decrease of its nitrate content. The measures mentioned above could decrease obviously nitrate content of yellow Chinese chive, which are prone to be extensively applied in the study area.

关 键 词：韭菜 硝酸盐 硝化抑制剂 光照 

分 类 号：S633.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]