呼伦贝尔草原生态环境脆弱性评价  

Evaluation of eco-environmental vulnerability of grassland in Hulunbeier steppe

作　　者：刘东霞[1] 卢欣石[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院农林科技学院,河北张家口075000 [2]北京林业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2008年第5期48-54,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：科技部林业科技支撑项目资助(2006BAD26B0403)

摘　　要：为了对草原态环境脆弱程度进行分析,以内蒙古东部呼伦贝尔草原陈巴尔虎旗为例,以多元空间信息为基础,采用GIS技术手段和空间主成分分析法,建立了生态环境综合评价模型,模型引入了水热条件、土壤、土地覆盖、地貌状况4个方面的7个指标,通过空间随机取样并对样点进行主成分分析来确定各指标的权重来构建模型。根据模型的分析结果,将该地区草原生态环境质量分为4级;表明生态环境质量从东北向西南逐渐变差,并沿着海拉尔河和额尔古纳河的两岸呈条带状辐射分布,这一变化与水热等气候因素以及资源开发利用状况的变化趋势有较强的相关性;各草原类型为单元的分类结果表明,沙地植被的生态环境质量最差,其CEVI(生态环境脆弱性综合指数)为1.51,沼泽类较之稍好,为1.24,低平地草甸和典型草原生态环境质量中等,其CEVI分别为0.24和0.22,草甸草原和山地草甸生态环境质量良好,其CEVI分别为-0.45和-0.99。各类草原类型的生态环境质量的优劣顺序为山地草甸>草甸草原>典型草原>低平地草甸>沼泽类>沙地植被,基本符合我国草原由东向西草原类型逐渐演替的趋势。说明该评价模型具有科学合理性与客观准确性。In order to analyze the grade of eco-environmental vulnerability, the study was conducted in Chenbaerhu Banner. Geographical information system （GIS） technologies were adopted, and a numerical evaluation model of eco- environment vulnerability was developed by using spatial principal component analysis method based on the vector datum. According to the numerical results, the vulnerability was classified into four levels. Eco-environment vulnerability in study area presented distinct geographical horizontal-belt distribution, and heavy vulnerable areas were distributed in two sides of the Hailar River and Argun River. The eco-environment was gradually deteriorating from northeast to southwest, which has strong relativity compared to the changing trend of climate factor, and status of resource exploitation. Moreover, the assessment result based on the types of grasslands showed that the eco-environmental quality of Sandy vegetation grassland was the worst and the CEVI （comprehensive eco-environmental vulnerable index） was 1.51, and the following is Meadow steppe, of which the CEVI was 1.24. The CEVI of Meadow steppe in hill and Typical steppe were 0.22 and 0.24 respectively and the eco-environmental qualities of them belonged to medial level. The quality of eco-environment in Mountain meadow steppe and Meadow steppe was better and the CEVI reached - 0.99 and - 0.45 respectively. The value of CEVI was widely ranged that meansthe eco-environmental vulnerability was more serious,and the order of eco-environmental quality was ： Mountain meadow steppe〉Meadow steppe〉Typical steppe〉Meadow steppe in hill〉Meadow morass〉Sandy vegetation grassland, which was consistent with trend of vegetable succession. This indicated that the assessment model has scientific rationality and impersonal veracity.

关 键 词：呼伦贝尔草原 退化 生态环境 脆弱性评价 GIS 环境评价 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]