新疆沙尘源状况及其沙尘气溶胶释放条件分析  

Status of Dust Sources and Aerosol Formatting Condition Analysis in Xinjiang

作　　者：高卫东[1] 袁玉江[1] 刘志辉[2] 魏文寿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 [2]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2008年第5期968-973,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2006001)资助

摘　　要：沙尘气溶胶是干旱、半干旱区大气中重要的组成物质,沙尘天气多发是该区域沙尘气溶胶含量高的主要原因。新疆1/4的土地被沙漠覆盖,塔里木盆地绝大部分地区沙土和沙壤土占地比率大于60%,沙漠沙以细沙为主,特殊的下垫面为沙尘天气的形成提供了丰富的沙源;沙漠周围的边缘地带、河流两岸、古河道中的土壤类型中粒径小于2.5μm和粒径小于10μm的土壤颗粒物中细颗粒物分别达到了50%和20%,是大气沙尘气溶胶中细颗粒物的主要来源和潜在来源。沙尘天气的产生受大风、降水、植被覆盖度、下垫面性质以及大气环流等多种因素的影响。Sand-dust aerosols are main substances in air composition over arid and semiarid areas, and fre- quent sand-dust weather is the key cause. About 25 % area of Xinjiang is covered by desert; especially the area of sandy soil in most regions of the Tarim Basin is more than 60%. The underlying surfaces that are covered predominately by fine sands provide sufficient sand sources for sand-dust weather formation. The content of soil particles with diameter less that 2.5 ffm or less that 10 ffm is respectively up to 50% and 20% in areas of desert rim, river side, and ancient river bed. They are the main sources and latent sources of fine particles in dust aerosol. Whether the sand-dust weather happens it has multiple influencing factors, such as gale, precipitation, vegetation coverage, underlying feature, atmospheric current, etc.

关 键 词：沙尘源 沙尘气溶胶 新疆 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]