沙漠化对土壤和植被的影响——以锡林郭勒盟南五旗为例  

Impact of Desertification on Soil and Vegetation——A Case Study of the Five Banners in the South Silinggol League

作　　者：封建民[1] 邢娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院资源环境与城市科学系,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2008年第4期74-77,共4页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：咸阳师范学院重点科研基金项目(05XDYK101)

摘　　要：在野外调查和前人研究的基础上，研究了锡林郭勒盟南五旗沙漠化现状以及沙漠化对土壤和植被的影响。结果表明，研究区的沙漠化土地已达15424．46km^2，占监测区总面积的53．26％；随着沙漠化程度的加深，在强烈的风蚀作用下，土壤颗粒逐渐变粗，土壤化学性质发生变化，土壤失去肥力：沙漠化过程中植被盖度降低，物种减少，土地生产力下降，生物量损失严重，不同程度的沙漠化对土地生产力的影响有很大差别，与未退化的天然草场相比，轻度沙漠化、中度沙漠化、重度沙漠化和严重沙漠化土地生产力分别降低了63％～11％、40、8％～43．8％、68.4%～70％和87.4%～88％。本研究不仅对研究地区的生态环境保护和可持续发展至关重要，而且对农牧交错带其他地区的沙漠化研究有很好的借鉴意义。Nowadays desertification is one of the most important environment problems in the world, ant it is also a serious environment problem in China.The five banners in the south Silingol League are located in the southern edge of Hunshandake sandy land—one of the four biggest sandy land in Inner Mongolia. This area is the cradle of the wind, water and sand for Beijing and Tianjin, but during the last 50 years the desertification exterds rapidly for the climate change and intensifed human activities,so it is very significant to harness this sandy laid. Based on the concatenating the things on the spot and summarizing the experiences from some other studies,this article monitored the sandy desertification in the study area using remote sensing technology and analysized/impact of desertification to soil and vegetation.The result showed that in 2005 the desertified area was 15424.46 km^2, occupied 53.26% of the whole region and the desertification existed an accelerating trend during the las 30 years with regional varies.Due to the strong wind erosion,desertification in this area was increasingly serpus, which caused soil particles gradually thicker, soil chemical properties change, the ground become bare, soil fertility loss, vegetation cover decline,biodiversity decrease, and land productivity decline gradually.Compared with natural grassland, the land productivity of slight desertification grassland, moderate desertification grassland, erious desertification grassland and very serious desertification grassland declined 6.3 %～11% ,40.8%～43.8% 68.4% ～70% ,and 87.4%～88 % respectively.This study is not only significant for the environment protection and local sustainable development, but also can be useful in other desertification analyses of the interlacing zone on steppes and farmlands.

关 键 词：锡林郭勒盟南五旗 土地沙漠化 土地生产力 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]