淡水湖泊富营养化成灾过程及其灾害效应评价  

Engendering Process of Fresh Lake Eutrophication Disaster and Its Effect Evaluation

作　　者：张洪[1] 单保庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《灾害学》2008年第3期1-6,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2002CB412308)

摘　　要：借鉴灾害学原理,定义了湖泊富营养化灾害范畴,即湖泊富营养化灾害是自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,是自然-人为协同作用而诱发的,是过量的外源污染物输入而产生的一系列自然、社会等严重后果的渐进性环境灾害。然后从致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体三方面剖析富营养化成灾过程,提出了湖泊富营养化灾害强度分级评分方法。对1988~2004年间巢湖富营养化灾害强度评价结果显示,灾害强度有加重趋势。最后分析湖泊富营养化灾害损益,并从生态环境、人类健康和社会影响等方面对淡水湖泊富营养化进行灾害评价。Based on the theory of catastrophology, lake eutrophication disaster is defined as the result of combined action of the nature and human factors, a gradual environmental hazard to the nature and society resulted by lots of outside contaminants transported into the lake. The developing process of eutrophication disaster is expatiated through analysis of disaster factors, disaster environment and disaster beating bodies. A method for grading the intensity of lake eutrophication disasters is given. The evaluation results of the eutrophication disaster intensity of the Chaohu Lake in the period from 1988 to 2004 indicate an aggravating trend of disaster intensity. Then the loss and gain of lake eutrophication disaster is analyzed and lake eutrophication disaster is evaluated in the light of its effect on the eco-environment, human health and society.

关 键 词：湖泊富营养化 环境灾害 成灾机理 灾害效应评价 巢湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]