陕北地区北洛河上游石油开发对水环境的影响  

Impact of Petroleum Exploitation on Water Environment in the Upper Reaches of North Luohe River in Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：康媛[1] 岳乐平[1] 徐永[1] 孙勃[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学地质学系,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《灾害学》2008年第3期71-75,95,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：延安市环境保护局重点项目(延安北部石油勘探开发的环境问题及解决方案)

摘　　要：陕北是我国重要能源基地,随着陕北地区油气大规模的开采,资源勘探开发对区域环境带来的影响日趋严重,北洛河上游石油开发区内水质恶化,水体功能降低等问题非常突出。通过对北洛河上游地表水采样测试分析,并根据国家标准采用单因子污染指数进行评价,结果显示六价铬、硫酸盐、COD、NH3-N、挥发酚、石油类在集油站、井场、个别污水偷排处超标情况较严重,在河岸有大量原油污染物沉积。在部分地区河水的氯化物含量较高,除本地区地质条件因素之外,油层水的排入也有一定影响。并且由于春冬季河水流量减少,河流自净能力下降,枯水期的污染程度大幅度上升。With the development of petroleum resource exploitation, the regional environmental condition of Northern Shaanxi, which is the main energy base of China, is affected seriously. Especially in the northern Luohe valley, the most important area of exploration and development, the problem of water quality deterioration and water function decrease has been emerged. By sampling and testing surface water from the upper reaches of North Luohe River, we use the single-factor pollution index to analyze the current water quality. The result shows that Cr^6＋ , sulfate, COD, NH3- N, volatile phenol, petroleum hydrocarbon are seriously over standards. Besides the geologic background , discharge of reservoir water probably causes the large magnitude of chloride in some areas. The pollution becomes worse in dry season due to the reduced water discharge and decreased self-purification capacity.

关 键 词：石油开发 环境影响 水污染 洛河上游 陕北地区 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]