驻波场原油破乳及盐衡算方法  

Demulsification and salt balance of crude oil in standing sound wave field

作　　者：蔡永伟[1] 叶国祥[2] 吕效平[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学化学化工学院,河南开封475001 [2]南京工业大学超声化学工程研究所,南京210009

出　　处：《声学技术》2008年第4期524-528,共5页Technical Acoustics

摘　　要：原油在加工前要进行脱水脱盐处理。声波破乳是十分有效的强化原油脱水脱盐方法。利用声波的破乳机理,在驻波场中考察了声波声强和辐照时间等对鲁宁管输原油破乳的影响,并得到较好的试验条件为:原油预热温度约80℃,搅拌强度400r.min-1,搅拌时间15min,破乳剂NS-2003用量20μg.g-1,注水量5%,声波辐照时原油温度80℃,辐照声强0.38W.cm-2,辐照时间约5min,沉降温度75℃,沉降时间90min;在此实验条件下原油的脱后含水率0.37%,盐含量3.85mg·L-1;脱水率92.6%,脱盐率87.9%。原油盐衡算发现,原油注水量偏少时,脱后原油中盐含量偏高的原因是原油与水不能充分接触,盐不能充分地被洗脱。Crude oil must be desalted and dewatered before refined in oil refinery. Emulsion breaking by sound wave is an effective demulsifying method which reinforcing dehydration and desalination of crude oil emulsion. The effects of sound wave intensity and irradiation time on Lu-ning crude oil emulsion dem- ulsifying are investigated in standing sound wave field. The preferable experimental conditions involve the following：crude oil temperature 80℃, rotational speed 400r.min^-1 and time 5min, demuisifying agent dosage 20μg·g^-1, water injection rate 5%, sedimentation temperature 75℃ and time 90min, ultrasound intensity 0.38W·cm^2. Under these conditions, water content is decreased to 0.37% by volume, salt content 3.85mg·L^-1. Dehydration ratio is 92.6% and desalination ratio 87.9%. Salt balance of crude oil finds that less water injection rate leads to higher salt content in crude oil emulsions if other experimental conditions are the same. The reason is that less water results in less contact chances of water and crude oil.

关 键 词：驻波场 原油 破乳 盐衡算 

分 类 号：TB559[理学—物理]