西双版纳土地利用／覆盖变化与地形的关系  

RELATION OF LAND USE AND COVER CHANGE TO TOPOGRAPHY IN XISHUANGBANNA,SOUTHWEST CHINA

作　　者：李增加[1] 马友鑫[1] 李红梅[1] 彭明春[2] 刘文俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 [2]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明650091

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2008年第5期1091-1103,共13页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30570321和30770385)

摘　　要：土地利用／覆盖变化是全球变化研究的重要领域。该文利用6个时期的MSS／TM／ETM影像和1：50000DEM数据分析了1976～2007年西双版纳地区不同地形下的土地利用／覆盖变化动态，结果表明：1）31年间，该区土地利用／覆盖变化剧烈，有林地面积由1976年的69．0％下降到2007年的43．6％，橡胶园面积由1976年的1．3％增加到2007年的11．8％：2）有林地在海拔1600m以下不断减少，而橡胶园的海拔分布上限则持续增加，由1976年的1000m上升至2007年的1400m，面积在400～1000m处占优。农业用地主要分布在海拔400～600m，在600m之上迅速减少；3）各坡度带上的有林地面积逐年减少，橡胶园则逐年增加，而灌木林与旱地则先升后降；橡胶园、农业用地等主要分布在坡度较缓的区域，坡度越大，有林地越多；1988年后，橡胶园面积在坡度5°以下基本保持不变，但在坡度大于5°的区域持续扩张；4）坡向对橡胶园与农业用地等分布的影响较大，南坡的橡胶发展最为迅速，且有向北坡发展的趋势。有林地在北坡分布比例较大，旱地在北坡分布比例较小。人口增加与橡胶园和茶园等经济种植园的不断扩展是导致西双版纳土地利用／覆盖变化的直接因素。要实现西双版纳的可持续发展，必须控制经济种植园的盲目扩张，科学合理垦殖，保护热带森林。Aims Land-use and land-cover changes are important in the study of global change. Our objective is to understand the impact of topography on land use and cover change in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, from 1976 to 2007. Methods Based on GIS techniques, we used six periods ofLandsat MSS/TM/ETM images and 1 ： 50 000 digital elevation model （DEM） to analyze patterns of land use and cover change and transfer rates as affected by topography. Important findings The magnitude, pace and spatial reach of land use and cover changes in Xishuangbanna were unprecedented. The most significant changes were a decrease of forest area from 13 193 to 8 336 km^2 and an expansion of area of rubber plantations from 249 to 2 256 km^2 at low elevation. Topographic features, especially elevation and slope, exerted significant influence on the distribution pattern, intensity and velocity of land use and cover changes. Changes varied along elevation gradients, slope gradients and aspects. Forest cover continuously decreased below 1 600 m, while the upper limit of rubber plantations increased continuously from 1 000 to 1 400 m and was dominant between 400 and 1 000 m. Farmland was dominant below 600 m and decreased rapidly with increasing elevation. Along all slope gradients, forest cover decreased gradually, while rubber plantation increased, but shrubland and dry land first increased and then decreased. Rubber plantations and farmland were mainly on gentle slopes, while forest occupied the majority of steep slopes. After 1988, rubber plantation cover was unchanged below slopes of 5°, but continuously expanded above slopes of 5°. Aspect had large influence on the distribution pattern of cash crops and agricultural land. Rubber plantations on south aspects rapid expanded in comparison to a trend of general increase on north aspects, where forests reached a maximum and dry lands a minimum. Economic interests and population growth lead to excessive deforestation and reclamation in this region. Especially in recent years, the cont

关 键 词：土地利用/覆盖 DEM 海拔 坡度 坡向 空间格局 橡胶园 森林砍伐 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]