基于二维粘滞性波动方程的地震波衰减理论研究  

THE RESEARCH AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SEISMIC ATTENUATION THEORY BASED ON THE WAVE EQUATION

作　　者：尹陈[1] 贺振华[1] 黄德济[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《物探化探计算技术》2008年第5期353-356,347,共4页Computing Techniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：海洋863项目(2006AA0AA102-12);国家自然科学基金项目资助(40474044)

摘　　要：地震波在传播过程中的能量衰减特征一直是地球物理学研究的重点和难点，它直接和地层的岩性、粘滞性、内摩擦密切相关。由于地层的含流体，粘滞性和内摩擦都相对较大，使得地震波的衰减变得明显。如何才能合理地模拟出地震波在岩石中传播时其能量的衰减关系，如何有效地运用地震属性因子较准确地预测复杂地层的含流体油气特性，是本文研究的重点。品质因子可以表征地层中岩石的相关特性，但却不能从岩石的物性上解释地震波传播过程中的频率衰减情况。在基于常规波动方程正演理论的基础上，添加了弥散～粘滞性特征，从岩石的内摩擦和粘滞系数上模拟地震波的能量衰减变化特征，分析由于含流体地层的吸收衰减现象，有利于在实际处理中的应用。It is the difficult and emphases point of the geophysics that the characters of the energy attenuation when the seismic promulgates in the strata,which are of the close relationship with the lithology and the liquid.Because of the higher viscous and diffusive in the bed which flushed with the liquid,the attenuation of the seismic energy gets very clear.How to reasonably simulate the attenuation of the seismic energy which promulgates in the strata,and how to efficiently use the seismic attribute to exactly forecast the characters of the intricate stratum with fluid,that all are the emphasis of the paper.Although Quality factor can show the properties of rocks in the bed,it can not radically interpret the attenuation of the signal frequency energy.The paper simulates change character of the signal frequency energy which aroused by the viscosity and diffusivity of the rocks and interpret the principle of the low-frequency shadow which caused by the absorbing and the attenuation.And finally an real case processing is given to illustrate the effeciency of the method.

关 键 词：品质因子 波动方程 粘滞性 内摩擦 

分 类 号：P631.412[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]