4x菜心×2x芥蓝的胚胎发育观察及离体培养获得异源三倍体  

Embryo Development Observation of 4x Flowering Chinese Cabbage×2x Chinese Kale and Obtaining of the Allotriploid by Ovary Culture

作　　者：袁鹤[1] 张成合[1] 满红[1] 王新娥[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,保定071001

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2008年第3期297-301,共5页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(C2006000450)

摘　　要：对4x菜心×2X芥蓝和4x芥蓝×2X菜心的授粉受精及胚胎发育进行了观察，并对其杂种幼胚进行了离体培养。结果表明，4x菜心×2X芥蓝和4x芥蓝×2X菜心的授粉受精均能完成，但胚胎发育受阻，前者在授粉后11d左右（球形胚时期）胚胎败育，后者在授粉后5d左右（几个细胞的原胚时期）胚囊便干缩坏死。经子房离体培养，4x菜心×2x芥蓝获得了杂种植株，适宜的培养时期是授粉后6～8d，而4x芥蓝x2x菜心未能培养成功。经形态学观察和核型分析，杂种植株在花色、花大小等方面具双亲特征，染色体数为2n=3x=29，含有菜心的2个染色体组（AA）和芥蓝的1个染色体组（C），为异源三倍体（AAC）。Observation of the embryo development of 4x flowering Chinese cabbage （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis （L.）Makino var. utilis Tsen et Lee）×2x Chinese kale （Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey） and 4x Chinese kale × 2x flowering Chinese cabbage were conducted and the immaturity embryo was rescued by the ovary culture in vitro. The results showed that the pollination and fertilization could finish in both combinations of 4x flowering Chinese cabbage × 2x Chinese kale and 4x Chinese kale × 2x flowering Chinese cabbage, but the embryo could not developed normally. In 4x flowering Chinese cabbage × 2x Chinese kale, the embryo disaggregated at about 1 ld after pollination （phase of globe shaped embryo）, and in 4x Chinese kale × 2x flowering Chinese cabbage, the embryo died after pollination only about 5d（phase of primary embryo with a few cells）. The interspecific hybrids were obtained from the 4x flowering Chinese cabbage × 2x Chinese kale by culturing the ovaries, and the fitting culture time was 6-8d after pollination. The hybrid plants were with parents characters in flower size, flower color and so no, and the chromosome number was 2n = 3x = 29, including three genomes （AAC）, AA from 4x flowering Chinese cabbage and C from 2x Chinese kale.

关 键 词：菜心 芥蓝 胚胎培养 异源三倍体 

分 类 号：S634[农业科学—蔬菜学]