汶川地震建筑震害启示——三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求  

Lessons learnt from building damages in the Wenchuan earthquake——three earthquake performance objectives and basic requirements for seismic design of buildings

作　　者：王亚勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院工程抗震研究所,北京100013

出　　处：《建筑结构学报》2008年第4期26-33,共8页Journal of Building Structures

基　　金：建设部<建筑抗震设计规范>(GB50011-2001)修订课题

摘　　要：汶川大地震造成大量房屋建筑破坏倒塌,通过对砌体结构和工业厂房、设备及设施的震害调查与分析,对我国《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2001)的三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求进行探讨,分别对比了在遭遇"小震"、"中震"和"大震"情况下,按一定设防烈度设计的房屋建筑的破坏状态,判别是否达到了设防目标。结果表明,在1990年以后设计建造的房屋建筑,基本都能达到三水准抗震设防目标,严重破坏或倒塌的大多是建造年代较早、设计不满足规范要求或施工质量存在问题的建筑。针对抗震设计规范中有关结构整体性、传力路径、地基基础、抗震缝、疏散通道、设备和设施的抗震设计基本要求,对照实际震害情况,包括过去地震震害情况,总结经验教训,提出改进意见。对震前经过加固的建筑物在地震中的表现作了介绍,证明了结构抗震加固的效果和必要性。Severe damages and collapses of buildings were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. Based on the damage data of masonry and industry buildings, base and foundation, equipments and facilities collected in earthquake effected regions, lessons are learnt from the event in terms of three earthquake performance objectives and basic requirements for seismic design issued by the national Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （GB 50011--2001 ）. A comparison between the actual damage and the expected damage on a given earthquake level for different structures is carried out to find out if the seismic performance objective of a building has been achieved. The study 1990＇s are performed well achieving the three earthquake performance shows that buildings designed and constructed behind objectives when the previous Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （GB 11--89） was issued by the time of 1989. Severe damages and collapses are mostly occurred to those buildings which are not satisfied with code specified regulations or are of poor construction qualities. Special attentions are paid to the basic requirements for seismic design related to the structural integration of buildings, loading path, base and foundation, seismic partition, stair shaft, equipments and facilities, etc. Some conclusions and suggestions for improving the seismic design of structures are given in this paper. Performance of retrofitted buildings in this earthquake is also discussed to highlight the efficiency and necessity for earthquake resistance.

关 键 词：汶川地震 建筑震害 三水准抗震设防 抗震设计基本要求 抗震加固 

分 类 号：TU312.3[建筑科学—结构工程] TU318.1