磷处理对不同磷效率基因型大豆根系性状和干物质积累及产量的影响  

Effects of Phosphorous Treatment on Root Traits and Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Soybean Genotypes with Different P Efficiency

作　　者：刘君[1] 蔡昆争[1] 骆世明[1] 赵长星[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院 [2]青岛农业大学植物科技学院

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第3期211-214,218,共5页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：美国McKnight基金资助项目

摘　　要：低磷是南方大豆生产的主要限制因素之一,引种一些磷高效基因型大豆是解决土壤缺磷问题、提高大豆产量的有效途径。本研究试图阐明不同磷处理对大豆根系和干物质积累的影响。选取不同磷效率基因型大豆品种2个,高效基因型巴西10号(BX10)和低效基因型本地2号(BD2)。在2个磷肥水平,即低磷(不施磷肥)和高磷(磷80kg/hm2)下进行大田试验,研究不同基因型大豆根系特性、生物量及产量对磷处理的反应。2个大豆基因型品种在根系性状、生物量积累、产量等方面存在显著的差异,无论施磷与否,P高效基因型大豆BX10的以上性状均显著高于低效品种BD2。BX10的产量在不施磷肥和施用磷肥条件下比本地2号的产量分别高34.40%和16.48%。在土壤磷素不足的情况下增施磷肥在一定程度上提高株高、生物量,改善根系生长环境,促进根系的伸长生长和根表面积及体积的增加,但显著增加产量。不同磷效率基因型大豆品种根系存在显著的遗传差异,而对磷肥的反应不敏感,磷低效品种比高效品种施用磷肥增产效果较大。Low phosphorus was one of the main limited factors for soybean production in South China, therefore, the introduction of some high efficient P soybean genotypes was an effective way for solving soil phosphate deficient and improving soybean yield. In this study,we tried to elucidate the effects of P treatment on root traits and dry matter accumulation of different P efficient soybean genotypes. Field experiments with high P efficient soybean genotype （BX10） and P inefficient genotype （BD2） under different P treatments （zero-application and 80kg/hm^2） were conducted to study the reponse of soybean root system growth, biomass accumulation and yield to P treatment. There was significant difference in root traits, dry matter accumulation and yield between the two genotypes, whatever no P or high P treatment, BX 10 had higher level than BD2, the yield of BX10 was 34.40% and 16. 48% higher than that of BD2 under no P and P application condition respectively. Under soil P defficiency situation, increasing the P application rate slightly increased plant height and biomass, improved root growth environment, promoted root elongation growth and increased root surface area and valume, but significantly increased the yield of two soybean varieties. It was concluded that there was significant genetic difference in root traits between different P efficient soybean genotypes, but root traits were not sensitive to P fertilizer, P application could increase relative higher yield of P inefficient soybean genotype （ BD 2） than P efficient soybean genotype （ BX10 ）

关 键 词：大豆 低磷 根系 生物量 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]