雅安市城乡生活饮用水卫生状况调查及监测分析  

INVESTIGATION ON THE SANITATION STATUS AND INSPECTION ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF YA’AN

作　　者：朱正强[1] 刘毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省雅安市疾病预防控制中心,雅安625000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2008年第18期3639-3641,3647,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解雅安市城乡生活饮用水卫生及水源性疾病状况;为制定城乡生活饮用水安全工程规划提供科学依据。[方法]对城乡居民生活用水的水源种类、卫生状况、供水方式、用水量、水源性疾病等进行调查;对各类水源丰、枯水期相关指标的检测结果进行分析。[结果]饮用水源共12类;在50m半径内无污染源的地表水、地下水平均分别为86.5%、81.95%;县及部份镇(乡)集中式供水水厂(站)408个,经沉淀、过滤、消毒处理的仅96个,供26万人饮用,简易水厂(站)部份处理和不定期消毒的103个,供11万人饮用,完全未处理的209个,供9万人饮用,分散式各类供水均未作任何处理;33.3%的人饮用集中式供水,67.7%的人饮用山沟、大井、土井、泉水等分散式供水,0.79%的人缺水;城乡居民人均用水量42L/日;地氟病证实与饮用水无关,无其他水源性疾病发生。监测192件水样,每件监测分析20个项目,超标为40%:其中超标项目占总件数分别为:色度12.3%、浊度12.48%、pH1.38%、铁28.61%、锰9.1%、氟化物7.45%、耗氧量8.76%、大肠菌群则高达84.4%。[结论]雅安城乡生活饮用水受到一定程度污染;地氟病证实与饮水无关,无其他水源性疾病发生;建议尽快制定出全市城乡生活饮用水安全工程规划;建议加强水源保护和监督力度,严禁牲畜粪便直接排入江河污染水源。[Objective ] To investigate the sanitation status of drinking water source and water-borne diseases in the rural and re＇ban areas of Ya＇ an, so as to provide scientific basis for implementing of safety engineering plan of drinking water source in rural and urban areas. [Methods] The kinds of source, health status, types of water supply, water supply volume, and water-borne diseases of drinking water in rural and urban areas of Ya＇ an were investigated ; And all kinds of indexes of the high and low water season were detected and analyzed. [ Results] There were 12 kinds of drinking water sources; The surface drinking water and the ground water without pollution source accounted for 86.5% and 81.95%, respectively; There were 408 water supply plants in counties and towns, but only 96 water plants had the process of precipitation, filtration and sterilization to supply drinking water for 260, 000 people. 103 simplified water plants carried out partly treatment and non-regularity sterilization which could supply drinking water for 110. 000 people. 209 water plants did not treat the water completely and they could supply drinking water for 90, 000 people, all kinds of dispersed water plants did not provide any treatment for drinking water; 33.3% of the people drank water from the concentration water plants, 67.7% drank water from dispersed water plants including the mountain valley, big well, native well and spring, and 0.79% person was lack of water in Ya＇an. The average water wastage was 42L per day. Fluorosis disease were verified no association with the drinking water, and no other water-borne diseases were happened. Out of 192 water samples monitored. 20 samples had exceeded the standard and accounted for 40%. The indexes exceeded standard were as followed： Chroma 12.3%, Turbidity 12.48%. pH 1.38%, Fe 28.61%, Mn 9.1%. F 7.45%, CODMn 8.76% and Coliforms 84.4%. [Conclusion] The drinking water in Ya＇an was polluted to a certain extent, and fluorosis disease were verified no association with the drinking wa

关 键 词：生活饮用水 卫生状况 水源性疾病 监测 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]